FLAT EARTH, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (HELPING YOU THINK)   There are some curious facts about our world that make some people believe there's a conspiracy to deny that the planet is actually a dish-shaped object with a dome, with celestial objects inside. These assumptions stem from some of the following questions...   POLAR REGIONS 1. Can you cross Antarctica? Yes, because there is no edge or dome. The Earth has been circumnavigated many times by air, sea, and satellites, and no edge or dome has ever been perceived or observed. Antarctica is a continent that has been extensively explored for over a century. There is no evidence of an "ice wall" or any structure that limits the planet, as flat-Earth dogma suggests. Traveling to these regions is expensive and dangerous, and the journeys are time-consuming and involve severe weather conditions, extreme temperatures, and difficult and risky travel. It is not prohibited, as flat-Earth proponents maintain, and although there are sections that have frozen, forming a thick layer that resembles a wall, this is not the case along the entire coast of the Antarctic continent. There is no evidence or account that this geological feature was designed as a "wall." Moreover, studies show that this icy surface was formed during the Last Ice Age due to a sharp change in temperature, and what some believe was a shift in the Earth's polar axis (which caused a similar effect in the Arctic). 2. Is the South Pole militarized? No. The financial capital and resources needed for such a task, considering the measurements of the alleged length of the wall that flat-earthers believe exists, exceeds all logic and possibility. It would require the combined operation of all the armies of many countries, with thousands of ships, planes, and helicopters, and hundreds of thousands of salaries for hundreds of thousands of people on a permanent basis, to maintain permanent surveillance coverage of the region. The very idea borders on insanity. Besides, no one has ever been arrested for attempting to cross Antarctica. The South Pole (and Antarctica in general) is not militarized, and this is explicitly prohibited by international treaties: The Antarctic Treaty—the legal basis for this prohibition—originally signed in 1959 by 12 countries (and now with more than 50 signatories), establishes that: a. Antarctica may only be used for peaceful purposes. b. All military activities, including exercises, maneuvers, weapons testing, or construction of military bases, are prohibited. c. Military presence is permitted only for scientific or logistical purposes (e.g., transporting supplies or personnel to research stations). d. Free international scientific cooperation is guaranteed and mutual inspection of facilities by other signatory countries is permitted. So there are no military personnel? There are military personnel, but in non-military roles: They assist with logistics, air transport, medical emergencies, and technical support. Some countries, such as the United States, New Zealand, and Chile, use military resources to operate their scientific bases, but they cannot use the territory for armed purposes. 3. Are there mysterious regions beyond the officially known regions of Antarctica? For millennia, people have spoken of realms "beyond the polar regions," depicting them on maps and drawings. In 1929, Vice Admiral Richard E. Byrd, a pioneer in the exploration of both the North and South Poles, testified to seeing green regions, ice-free spaces, and even prehistoric animals and people. Nazi flight and navigation guides from the 1930s corroborate Byrd's description, showing ways to penetrate beneath the Earth's crust, in what appear to be enormous holes leading to a world within the Earth. The legends of Agathi, Shambhala, Liberia, and Hyperborea make perfect sense here. However, unlike flat-Earth doctrines, these are not realms found beyond the "dome," nor in a straight line (imagining the world as a long horizontal space), but rather beneath the Earth's crust. In ufology, their inhabitants are known as "telosians." Map of the subterranean kingdom of Liberia (from the polar openings of Antarctica), according to Nazi maps. Map of the subterranean realm of Asgard (from the Arctic polar openings), according to Nazi maps. 4. Why are there no direct flights between certain points in the southern hemisphere? In reality, there are direct flights between cities in the Southern Hemisphere (such as Santiago, Chile, to Sydney, Australia), but they are not always available every day for commercial reasons and demand. The flights are designed to be profitable, not necessarily to demonstrate the shape of the Earth. In general, what has been observed for many decades is that there appears to be a large hole, both at the South and North Poles—at least one in each region, although more than one has been reported—which has been witnessed since the 1920s. Pilots reported that their compasses went out of control and the gravitational pressure changed, as if the aircraft were being sucked into the hole (a vacuum effect or gravitational shift). This supports the Hollow Earth belief, which holds that our planet is like an eggshell, where beneath the crust of the planetary sphere lies a parallel world. NOAA image (2007) showing the no-fly zone for polar-orbiting satellites over Antarctica, avoiding its center. An image captured from a NORAD computer screen by a security guard shows air traffic at the North Pole avoiding a "circular" zone at its center. satellite photograph showing a hole in the center of Antarctica. NASA photograph from June 11, 2007, showing the same hole in the central Arctic. ERS1 topographic image of Antarctica, defining its hollow center. • You can learn more about this and in depth about the Hollow Earth theory in the first chapter of my book, ' The Abyss' , the first book in the ' Sakla Rebellion ' series. SPACE MISSIONS 5. Why don’t rockets go “straight” into space? When a rocket takes off, it initially climbs almost vertically because it needs to escape the dense atmosphere quickly. But once it gains enough altitude, it begins to tilt its trajectory. This isn't a mistake or a deviation: it's a deliberate maneuver called a "gravity turn." An orbit isn't simply "being in space"; it's tumbling around the Earth at such a speed that the object keeps falling… but never touches the ground, because the Earth's curvature "escapes" it at the same speed. To achieve this, the rocket needs enormous horizontal velocity (more than 28,000 km/h for low orbit). That's why it veers toward the horizon: it's accelerating sideways, not just upward. Try some simple physics: Imagine throwing a rock, and the harder you throw it horizontally, the farther it will go before falling. If you could throw it fast enough, it would never fall to the ground but would continue circling the Earth. That's an orbit. Why does it look like it's going toward the horizon from Earth? From our perspective on the ground, we see the rocket moving away and curving in its trajectory. As it follows the curvature of the planet, it appears to be heading "over the horizon," but it's actually entering an orbital path around Earth. 6. Why do rockets launched into the stratosphere often explode or crash? According to people who participated in secret operations, military bases began to be established on the Moon in 1954, and later on Mars in 1962 (mainly since 1973 with the Pegasus project). Not only are they militarized, but they are privatized by extra-governmental and top-secret organizations, with the United States, Russia, England, and France having the greatest influence. This is obviously not what the states or their space agencies claim, but it is what military personnel, former employees, former intelligence agents, and people who were involved in Black Ops (covert operations) and/or have learned from classified documents—such as retired U.S. Master Sergeant Robert O. Dean—testify. By the time NASA was created (July 29, 1958), humans had already been on the lunar surface, and, in addition to erecting facilities, they came across the remains of many structures, buildings, and domes that must have been thousands of years old. They don't let anyone go who isn't on their agenda, and if necessary, they take them down. artificial structure or luminescent area in the Ukert crater. 7. Why are there fraudulent recordings of astronauts in orbit? Because NASA is reportedly secretly pursuing other agendas (such as the NASA Blue Beam project or the Future Strategic Issues and Warfare Circa 2025 program), it must explain what it does with the budget it receives. This agency received, for 2024 alone, more than $24 billion for its official programs (Artemis Program (lunar exploration); Mars Sample Return (mission to bring samples from Mars); Earth Sciences; Space Technology and STEM Education; Orbital Debris Research; or Development of a Space Tug for the deorbiting of the International Space Station). It must justify the use of this capital. According to former US Naval Intelligence officer Bill Cooper, a shadow US government had been funding a secret space project with the help of a drug cartel since the mid-1950s. Consequently, NASA would be diverting the money it receives for other agendas, and therefore would have to show proof of what it does with that money, and therefore invent fake chroma key scenes of astronauts in orbit, spacewalks, and other things that could easily be filmed in a swimming pool on Earth or in an anti-gravity cabin. 8. What causes irregularities in space mission images? In the 1960s, then-US President Richard Nixon was committed to his nation's commitment to former President John F. Kennedy's promise to land a man on the moon before the end of the 1960s. Faced with the embarrassment of not only Americans but the entire world witnessing firsthand an accident, a disaster, the death of astronauts, etc.—all of which was statistically very likely to happen—he hired the best fiction film director of the time (Stanley Kubrick)—famous for the hit film 2001: A Space Odyssey—to film a moon landing in the Nevada desert. This footage—and subsequent ones for other Apollo missions (and even missions to Mars)—were shot mostly in parts of the US, first to create a grand show of the lunar landing, and later to save NASA the large sums of money that the federal government allocates to space activities. There were American astronauts on the Moon as early as 1954, and both Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin stumbled across facilities that had already been built on the Moon in 1969 (and there is a 2-minute audio recording from ham radio operators who picked up that Apollo 11 communication when the real video transmission was cut out to include the fake one filmed in Nevada). Meanwhile, Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins carried out another mission that was unrelated to what people should assume they would be doing. Un Audio misterioso del APOLO 11 If you'd like to learn more about this topic (the conspiracy surrounding the Secret Space Project and the ruins on the Moon and Mars), follow this link where I host a podcast on the subject . And if you'd like to go even deeper, I recommend my book, " Wandering Stars: The History of the UFO Phenomenon . " dome-shaped structure on the Moon, filmed by Apollo XI compare Alan Bean modified picture of Apollo XII in the moon surface with the original one with a dome behind him. a lunar monolith-like structure several kilometers high, with another star-shaped structure suspended above it. dome filmed by the Soviet Zond 3 probe on the Moon, among many others with a glass appearance. By the time they landed on the Moon in 1969, there were not only American military bases, but also Russian ones (even nine months before the Apollo XI landing, the Soviet space agency had already landed its own official expedition module, but after an unexpected "accident" at some facilities they discovered on the Moon, they cancelled public broadcast of the moon landing). These lunar installations were not only American military; the vast majority have existed on the Moon for thousands of years, where there are a multitude of archaeological sites, abandoned buildings and remains of spacecraft that have been considered in some cases to be up to 9,000 years old. Even the first Japanese photographs – by the JAXA agency, with the Kaguya mission – of the far side of the Moon showed in 2007 a large number of domes that seemed to be made of glass (which resembles installations all over the surface, as if it were a common construction model). The same thing happened with Mars, when on May 22, 1962, a joint NASA and Soviet space agency program (followed by National Security Action Memorandum No. 271 of 1963, in which then-President Kennedy requested Soviet cooperation in colonizing Mars) achieved the first landing on Mars. Both governments subsequently established permanent bases on Mars with elite military operatives. Alternative 3 1977 - Secret Unmanned Mars Landing Film 1962 - Uncle Sam's on Mars - Hawkwind 9. Why do images of the Earth from space look so similar or appear computer-generated? Some images are digital composites because they were taken in parts (by satellites in low orbit) and then assembled. Others are real photos, such as those taken by the Apollo missions or the GOES and DSCOVR satellites. There are thousands of verifiable images from many independent sources dating back to October 24, 1946 (when the first photograph from outside Earth was taken by a V-2 rocket launched by the U.S. from the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico (and it's worth adding that it showed the infamous—for flat-earthers—curvature of the Earth)).   VISUAL EFFECTS 10. Why does a certain view of the stars make them look “gaseous”? Proponents of this dogma maintain that the Sun, Moon, and stars are contained within a supposed dome that covers the Earth, and that, furthermore, there are no galaxies, quasars, nebulae, planets, moons, or any other space objects, but that images of these are created digitally, despite having no proof of these claims. However, instead of using high-precision lenses, such as affordable telescopes (which you can buy yourself), some proponents of this dish-world dogma argue that the image blur seen from certain cameras is blurred when trying to focus on celestial bodies. The effect of the Earth's atmosphere (stellar scintillation) occurs because starlight has to pass through Earth's atmosphere to reach our eyes. Since the atmosphere is composed of layers of air with different temperatures, densities, and motions, these slightly alter the path of the light. As a result, the star appears to vibrate, move, or "ripple," like a flame or a gaseous patch. Have you ever seen the Moon turn yellow, orange, or even red? Well, it's not actually bleeding, but rather a similar effect, where light bends and loses "energy"—or call it "power," if you will—while simultaneously fragmenting. So yes, light ALSO BENDS. Another reason for this visual phenomenon of stars is atmospheric turbulence. Moving air (especially on warm nights or near the horizon) creates turbulence that refracts light unevenly. This effect is very similar to what you see when you look through warm air over a road: objects appear “distorted” or blurred. Another reason is natural chromatic aberration, where sometimes, if the air is very unstable, you can even see the star briefly change color: red, blue, white. This is also due to refraction. It's not that the star is changing, but rather the air acts like a prism and separates the light into different colors. This doesn't happen with planets in the same way, since planets don't twinkle the same way stars do. They have a slightly larger “disk” (angular size) from our perspective, so the atmosphere can't distort all their light evenly. Stars, on the other hand, are tiny points, and their light is easier to disturb. It's a different matter that many of the video and photography samples used by followers of this sect are based on captures made with poorly focused cameras or telescopes. If you're observing with a camera or telescope that's not perfectly focused, or with overexposure, the point of light may appear diffuse, vibrant, or have jagged edges, as if it were "gaseous." 11. Why does it seem as if there is no curvature of the globe? The curvature of the Earth is so gradual (approximately 8 inches per 1.6 km) that it is not perceptible to the naked eye from ground level. Furthermore, the Earth is very large (~12,742 km in diameter), so to notice its curvature directly requires being at high altitudes (such as in Earth orbit or from stratospheric flights). Although airplanes fly at an altitude of about 10–12 km, this is still very low compared to the size of the planet. The curvature becomes visible to the human eye at an altitude of about 15–20 km, especially with a suitable lens (not a fisheye lens). From space, the curvature is clearly visible. Sometimes the curvature is visible, especially on balloons above 30 km. Many cameras have lenses that distort the image, which can exaggerate or flatten the curvature. When using straight-lens, stabilized cameras, a slight curvature can be seen on the horizon at altitudes below 30 km. 12. Why can objects still be seen on the horizon in certain films from several kilometers away? Have you ever seen the visual effect generated by refracting objects? For example, a crystal ball, a lens, a fender... they create seemingly impossible image effects. This is due both to the action of light on the object and to the nature and shape of the object itself (and if you think light doesn't bend or fragment, think again, and remember how a rainbow is produced, or how light is redirected by a mirror, deflected by crystalline or metallic objects, or fragmented by a prism or anything similar to crystal). But to be more concise, and to discuss the case in question, we must address the refraction of light (as an atmospheric effect): Light doesn't travel in a straight line when passing through different layers of the atmosphere. Instead, it refracts, or bends, due to changes in air density (for example, in layers of cold or warm air). This phenomenon allows objects beyond the apparent horizon to be visible. Under specific atmospheric conditions, light bends downward, allowing us to see beyond what would normally be visible. This is known as "superbending" or "seeing beyond the horizon." This effect is most noticeable when the air is cooler near the ground, creating a thermal inversion layer that can make objects at great distances visible, even if the Earth's curvature should obscure them. Another example is the curvature of the Earth and the observer's height. If you're observing from a higher altitude, such as on a hill or a skyscraper, you have a wider line of sight and can see beyond the Earth's curvature. Observation height plays a crucial role: the higher you are, the wider the visible horizon. If a person is observing from an elevated platform, they may see objects that are much farther away than a person at sea level could see. Then there are weather conditions. Factors such as haze, dry air, or temperature variations can also affect visibility. In places like the desert or near the sea, atmospheric conditions may allow one to see further than expected, due to air clarity or the temperature contrast between the air and the surface. There's also the optical effect of "Horizon Mirage." In some circumstances, due to the way light refracts, objects that would normally be hidden by the curvature may appear to float above the horizon. This optical effect is called mirage or "superreflection," and occurs when there are extreme temperature differences between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. 13. Why does it appear in certain images of sunlight refraction in clouds as if the sun were very close? Another of the crazy ideas advocated by plate advocates is that the Sun and Moon are not only located within the Earth's dome, but are also very small and very close. To support this theory, they use an optical effect of sunlight passing through clouds. In this case, what is happening is a perspective effect, refraction, and dispersion of light in the atmosphere. Some key factors in this regard are: a. Perspective effect and geometry of sunrays. When you see sunrays that appear to "diverge" from a point in the sky (as if they were coming from a nearby source), you are seeing a phenomenon called crepuscular rays. Although the sunrays are practically parallel, linear perspective makes them appear to converge at a nearby point, just like train tracks that appear to join at the horizon. The rays are parallel, but your eye (or camera) sees them as if they meet at a nearby point due to perspective. b. Refraction of light in the atmosphere. When sunlight passes through layers of air with different temperatures and densities (something common in the atmosphere), it bends. This can make the Sun appear higher, lower, or larger than it actually is. It's the same principle by which a straw appears "broken" in a glass of water. Example: The Sun visible on the horizon during sunrise or sunset has already crossed the horizon, but we still see it due to refraction. c. Lightning formation in clouds. Sunlight passing through clouds can project beams of light at dramatic angles, especially when moisture or light-scattering particles are present. This gives the illusion that the Sun is just "behind that cloud" or very close, when in reality it is about 150 million kilometers away. d. Camera lenses and overexposure. Cameras don't capture light like the human eye. In many photos, the contrast between bright sunlight and shadows makes the sun appear sharper or closer, especially if there are lens flares or optical effects. 14. Why does it appear in certain photographs or videos as if the sun is inside or in front of the clouds? The reason the Sun sometimes appears to be inside or in front of clouds in photographs or videos is primarily due to optical and camera exposure effects, not an incorrect physical position of the Sun relative to the clouds. Some of the most common causes are: a. Overexposure of the sun. Cameras, especially those on phones or low-quality ones, have a limited dynamic range. When pointed at the sun, the intense sunlight can overexpose the image, causing brightness to "bleed" into adjacent areas, as if it were in front of clouds. b. Halo and scattering effects. When the Sun is partially covered by clouds, its light can scatter in the atmosphere or in the clouds' water droplets, creating halos, bright spots, or illuminated edges that appear to be in front of the clouds, even though they are physically behind them. c. Contrast and editing. Some photos or videos have automatic contrast adjustments that can accentuate sunlight against the dark background of clouds, creating an incorrect visual illusion of depth. d. Silhouette or backlight effect. When the Sun is near the horizon, it is sometimes visually located between cloud layers: for example, there may be low clouds in front of it and higher ones behind it, creating an ambiguous scene and giving the impression that it is “among” the clouds. e. Video compression errors. In low-quality videos, compression can cause the edges of the sun and clouds to blend together, leading to visual misinterpretations.   PHENOMENA OF PHYSICS 15. Why would someone on the Moon notice little gravity, but the impact on tides here on Earth is more noticeable? Gravity on the surface of the Moon is about 1/6 that of Earth's, due to its much smaller mass (about 1.2% of Earth's mass). Because of this, astronauts there weigh less and can make long jumps. Tides, on the other hand, do not depend on the absolute amount of gravity, but on the gravitational force gradient: the difference in gravity between one side of the Earth and the other. The Moon pulls on the Earth with its gravity; the side of the Earth closest to the Moon feels a slightly stronger pull than the center of the planet; the side farther from the Moon feels a weaker pull; this difference in pull causes the water to "stretch" in both directions: a. A tide towards the Moon (by direct attraction). b. A tide on the opposite side (by inertia, since the Earth is “moving away” faster than the water on that side). c. This stretching of the water in both directions generates two high tides a day. So how does all this fit together? A person on the Moon feels less gravity because they're on a small, low-mass surface. But the Moon still has enough mass (though less than Earth's) and is very close in astronomical terms (~384,000 km), so its differential effect on Earth is enough to cause noticeable tides. And why doesn't the more massive Sun cause stronger tides? Even though the Sun is much more massive, it's much, much farther away (about 150 million km). The difference in gravity on either side of Earth relative to the Sun is smaller than on the Moon's, even though the Sun does influence the tides—which is why we get stronger spring tides when the Sun and Moon are aligned. 16. Why do some people in supersonic airplanes become unconscious? People who faint on these flights are exposed to high G-forces, which are acceleration forces. This “G-force” is a measure of how much extra gravity you feel when your body is rapidly accelerated. What is a G-force? 1G = normal gravity on Earth (what we normally feel). 3G, 5G, 7G = forces that multiply your body weight. In other words, at 5G, your body feels as if it weighs five times as much. At sustained levels of 5–6G, you can lose consciousness if you’re not trained or equipped. What causes these G-forces? In cases of inexperienced people fainting, there are conditions that are worth detailing, such as military aircraft or aerobatic jets performing rapid maneuvers (tight turns, steep climbs), training simulators that spin rapidly (human centrifuges), or maneuvers that don’t increase speed much but do dramatically increase acceleration. Ergo, why do you faint? Under high acceleration, blood is diverted away from the brain, especially to the legs. This causes cerebral hypoxia (lack of oxygen to the brain). As a result, you experience "tunnel vision," then blackout, and then a loss of consciousness (called G-LOC, G-force-induced Loss of Consciousness). How do pilots prevent this? They wear special suits called anti-G suits, which compress the body and prevent blood from flowing downward. They also perform breathing maneuvers called the Valsalva maneuver to maintain blood pressure in the head. This is how they are physically trained to withstand up to 9G for brief periods. 17. Why would a low-speed aircraft not be overtaken by the Earth's greater rotational speed? By conservation of momentum (inertia). Everything on Earth's surface—people, air, airplanes—already moves with the Earth. When an airplane takes off, it continues moving with the Earth's rotation and carries with it that eastward velocity (the same one it had when it was on the ground). It's as if you were throwing a ball from a moving train: the ball continues moving with the speed of the train, plus its own relative velocity. The air also rotates with the Earth. However, the atmosphere rotates along with the planet due to gravity and atmospheric friction. So an airplane doesn't fly in "static air"; it flies within an atmosphere that also moves at 1,670 km/h (at the equator). Another detail is the frame of reference. So, from our vantage point on Earth, we don't feel the rotation (because everything moves with it). To notice the differences, you would have to use an external frame, like space. But from Earth, we don't feel "absolute velocity," only relative motions. Then there's the consideration of eastbound or westbound flights. You might think that flying eastward (in the same direction as Earth's rotation) should be faster , and flying westward slower. But that effect is offset by the wind and the rotation of the atmosphere, which also move with the Earth. Although there is a small actual effect, airplanes don't "feel" it as the Earth passing them by. 18. Why don't we feel the speed of the planet's rotation? We feel acceleration, not constant speed. The Earth rotates at a constant speed, and we, along with the atmosphere, move with it. It's like traveling in an airplane at constant speed: we don't feel the movement unless there are sudden changes. 19. Why don't we, nor does ocean water, fall in a theoretical south (down) direction away from the Earth? Water doesn't "fall" because gravity acts toward the center of the Earth from all points. This means that, for us, "down" is always toward the center of the planet, no matter where we are on Earth. Gravity keeps the oceans glued to the Earth. Proponents of the Flat Earth doctrine argue that gravity doesn't exist, but rather that objects fall "because they have weight," which is circular reasoning. They have no rational explanation for why an object would fall—instead of remaining suspended in its position—if not for the principle of gravity. In any case, if we observe a soap bubble or a drop of water in suspension, any small object near it will stick to it—and it's worth noting that the most economical shape in vacuum or space is a sphere. There is no evidence of a supposed force of attraction or "falling" toward a spatial or extraterrestrial south, nor has any object been seen performing such an action, to support this belief. Therefore, something outside or around the Earth would not have to “fall.” 20. How is it possible for water to be "curved" if it always seeks the level? The "level" of water means that its surface is perpendicular to the direction of gravity. On a sphere, this means that every point is level with respect to the center of gravity. Thus, "curved" water remains level overall. Furthermore, water has points of tension, and you can observe this with a simple exercise: place one or two drops of water on a coin and see that they don't fall to the sides, but rather curve in a semicircle at its edge (this effect is called "tension"). ONE MORE ALLEGED CONSPIRACY 21. Why would governments and NASA lie about the shape of the Earth? This question is based on an assumption of a conspiracy without evidence that only clouds the already delicate arguments of many researchers trying to bring certain truths to light. If thousands of scientists, astronauts, engineers from around the world, and independent space agencies were lying, it would be one of the largest and most absurdly impossible conspiracies to sustain. There is no logical motivation, nor solid evidence, that a global deception of this magnitude exists. In essence, there is no compelling reason or valuable basis for assuming such a conspiracy. The idea of maintaining a deception of this nature, solely for the purpose of maintaining a deception, is circular reasoning. However, everything points to a maneuver invented by the CIA to use flat-earthism as a "Trojan horse" to undermine and weaken the core of many real conspiracies that they themselves labeled as "theories." Thus, the dogma of a flat world would achieve the efficient objective of distorting, confusing, dividing, and ridiculing the true conspiracies taking place on this PLANET. 22. Why are there old images and maps that seem to indicate that the Earth is flat? Because they're drawn on a flat surface. How do you draw a marble on a surface and suggest it's spherical, rather than a disk? Moreover, these maps are meant to show cartography on a flat surface because they're drawn on paper, not something spherical or irregular. Before the development of advanced measurement, navigation, and cartographic projection tools, it was difficult to accurately represent a spherical surface. Therefore, many ancient maps were more symbolic than scientific. Even modern maps that depict the world in two dimensions (such as the Mercator map) can give the impression of a flat Earth, even though they're based on a projection of a sphere. These projections necessarily distort reality to make it "fit" onto a flat surface. Did the ancients believe the Earth was flat, a plate, or a domed disk? Like the previous point, this fascinating and extensive topic is the subject of another article that I published previously, and that you can follow here, where I also explain 47 reasons, independent of those cited here, why the Earth cannot be flat, and, on the contrary, is spherical: https://www.frederickguttmann.com/forum/geopolitica/the-earth-spherical-or-flat You can also watch this podcast where I go into more depth on this particular point: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15tnlNL7WaQ (remember to activate Engllish subtitles)

THE ANCIENTS DID NOT BELIEVE THE EARTH WAS FLAT by Frederick Guttmann R. Piri Reis map of 1513 The idea that the ancients believed the Earth was flat has been taught in schools, and is still a popular argument. This alleged belief assumed that at the "end of the world," the sea ended, and you fell into the void and could even be devoured by dragons. But who reached that limit to tell such a story? There is no evidence of this. What's more, the Vikings—legendary experts in navigation—had reached Newfoundland (in Canada) in the 10th century AD, and none of their myths warn of the end of the Earth's "edge." Allusions to the "end" of the world referred to the farthest, most extreme, or the particularly unknown reaches of certain cultures. It must be considered that the sea was the limit of all solid land, and its confines had been unexplored and feared for thousands of years. Furthermore, offshore, the enormous waves are a danger to sailors. The idea that the planet was believed to be a plate is not even documented, and it is argued that ancient peoples thought the world consisted of several levels within a supposed "horizontal plate." The truth is that a sphere cannot be represented in two dimensions (a drawing); it can only be drawn on a plane. Meanwhile, the uses of the word "sphere" were applied to existential reality, such as "sphere of existence," "sphere of life," or "celestial sphere," and the term "circle" was understood as a generic form (which has nothing to do with "plain," as some flat-earthers try to make us believe). Mesopotamians The engravings that many suggest as supporting these ideas are "representations" of the conception of "worlds" and realms (land, sea, and sky), not world maps. In other words, the drawings were intended to show what the artist believed the ancients thought, but they were not a replica of an ancient engraving, nor were they a documentation of their knowledge of the so-called "edges" of the world. If we take into consideration the remote narratives, they do not say that the Earth ended beyond the ocean, or that it was flat and limited; they only spoke of—or encompassed—the existence of the celestial sphere of reality, the terrestrial sphere, and the marine sphere: three worlds in one. This is the case of the Sumerian worldview, which is taken as the main reference to argue this flat-earth error. The Babylonian account of the creation of the world says nothing about the Earth as a plate, and on the contrary, speaks of the appearance of Heaven and Earth after the existence of Apsu and Tiamat (Nammu for the Sumerians). Apsu represented the deeply abyssal waters, whose depth could not be measured, while Tiamat represented chaos or the absence of an established order. This is the same concept cited in so many texts, such as the Tao Te Ching itself, or the Hebrew Genesis of Moses, which speaks of 'tohu vabohu' (chaotic and abysmal), the principle of liquid and solid composition that gave rise to the planets of our solar system (details narrated with great precision in the Second Book of Enoch, a manuscript of almost incalculable antiquity). Later, the gods were born from the union of Absu and Tiamat, but who were these gods? Any study of comparative mythology will conclude that the pantheonic gods, and the analytical accounts of the origin of the world, are names and descriptions of the planets of our solar system and the formation of the system itself. How did those people know this, if the theories of the formation of the solar system are supposedly recent (the nebular hypothesis—which is the widely accepted one—was only first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Emanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace)? There are numerous Assyrian and Babylonian representations showing the major gods with the Sun, the Moon, and other "bodies." One of these Assyrian representations shows the Sun casting its rays on 11 bodies surrounding it. The ancients included the Moon among the planets of the solar system, and it should also be added here that Uranus was supposedly only discovered in 1781, Neptune in 1846, and Pluto in 1930. If the Sun is depicted on Mesopotamian cylinders with 11 round bodies, how does that explain the fallacious argument that ancient peoples believed the Earth was flat? Not only do they show the Earth as round, but they seem to imply that there are—or were at that time—more planetary bodies, at least within the standard defined by those peoples. Although Pluto was ruled out as a planet in 2006 (entering the category dubbed "dwarf planets"), it follows the average distance of the planets in the system, and with the Moon would total 10 celestial bodies (counting Uranus and Neptune). Therefore, these types of engravings could support theories about extinct planets like Maldek, with highly eccentric ellipticals like the theoretical Nibiru, or simply a "canon" of planets distinct from our own, which, just as it could have included Pluto, could also have included Eris (or even Ceres, Makemake, Haumea, Orcus, Ixion, or Sedna). Egyptians It is often said that the first civilization was the Sumerian—although this has been progressively rejected in light of further scientific discoveries—and that they were followed by the Egyptians. The point is that this people also left no record of such a “end of the Earth” and an abyss at the “edge” of the journey into the sea: “…you are complete and [are] great in your name of 'Sea'; look, you are great and round in (your name of) 'Ocean'; look, you are circular and round like the circle that surrounds the Aeo-bifao (aeo-ebot)” (Pyramid Texts, Declaration 366:628-629. Approx. 2,400 BC) Consequently, we would be assuming that the ancients understood all the “spheres” of reality in the universe based on the circular form, like balls, and this even appears in even more remote descriptions related to Egyptians and “Atlanteans”. This is the case of some ancient emerald tablets found in Yucatán—which speak of these ancient civilizations—and whose age is estimated to be between 13,000 and 32,000 years old (against all predictions and academic criticism). Their writer makes comments such as: "Know, O man, that all space is filled with worlds within worlds; yes, one within the other, yet separated by Law." (Tablet IX) The mysterious writer—who managed to engrave Demotic in relief on emerald stone (something inexplicable)—claimed to be Dyehuty himself (or better known as "Thoth"), a master of Egyptian literature, and recounted: "First, I will speak of the shackles of darkness that bind them in chains to the sphere of the Earth." (Tablet XV, Emerald Tablets of Thoth) In addition to already stating at that time that the Earth was a sphere, he develops a dialogue regarding the law of gravity, which we know was openly postulated in modern times by Isaac Newton (circa 1680). But in addition to Dyehuty, another famous figure of Greek and Egyptian antiquity was Hermes Trismegistus, an individual of origin and nature surrounded by legends, but who left behind very impressive writings for his time (which some consider contemporary with the patriarch Abraham (20th century BC) and others with that of Moses (15th century BC)). Among his astonishing statements and conversations with his disciples Tat, Amun or Asclepius (the Greek 'Aesculapius'), we find: "- But then, O Trismegistus, how is it possible that things that move here below do so together with their movers? For it is said that the spheres of the wandering stars are moved by the spheres of the fixed stars. - "This is not, Asclepius, a matter of a conjoined movement, but of an opposing movement: they do not move in a similar manner, but in a contrary manner. And this opposition has as its support a fixed point that balances the movements." (From Hermes to Tat, Corpus Herméticum) The ancients called the planets “wandering stars” or “cold stars” (as was the case with the Hebrews, who also used the expression “cold star” or “stone star” to distinguish them from the suns). The word “planet” comes from the Greek word “planiti” (wandering), and although it might seem shocking that they knew so much about astrophysics, they did: “The Father created the All as a body, and by giving it volume, he made it in the likeness of a sphere…” (Treatise VIII). He adds: “Moreover, the Father, scattering the variety of species in the sphere, enclosed them there as in a cave, for he wished to bestow the beauty of his own abundance in the form of complete diversity.” (vs. 3) We could go on and on about so many statements about the motion and composition of the stars, but the point is to understand that cultures have shown a regression in their development in the distant past, and from that critical point they began to emerge again, contrary to the popular belief that man emerged from the caves and only just began to discover the world and knowledge (for this reason the pyramids of the Egyptian dynasties are cruder and more ridiculous, getting worse with the passing of the decades, when compared to those existing before the emerging dynasties of Menes I). Greeks "In his work 'De Caelo', Aristotle (4th century BC) gives a reasoned explanation of why the Earth is a sphere and cites a value for its circumference that is correct within a factor of two. In the 3rd century BC, Eratosthenes gives a more accurate estimate of its circumference. By the time of Pliny the Elder, in the first century, most Western scholars accepted that the Earth was spherical. Around this time, Claudius Ptolemy derived his maps from a curved globe and developed the system of latitude, longitude, and climates. His writings became the basis of European astronomy throughout the Middle Ages, although late antiquity and the early Middle Ages saw occasional arguments for a flat Earth. The modern misconception that people in the Middle Ages believed the Earth was flat first entered the popular imagination in the 19th century. (Wikipedia) Considering Wikipedia's clear explanation, it is notable that the belief in a flat Earth that ended beyond the sea was also not true for the Greeks. Although Plato believed that, by geometric and symmetrical logic, the Earth must be spherical, the absolute or definitive confirmation of the Earth's sphericity came in 1522, when the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan completed the first circumnavigation of the globe. However, the Greeks, without apparent Egyptian influence, also understood this principle: "Those who have returned in an attempt to circumnavigate the Earth do not say that they were prevented from doing so by the presence of a continent in their path, because the sea remained perfectly open, but rather by lack of determination and scarcity of provisions. Eratosthenes says that were it not for the obstacle represented by the expanse of the Atlantic Ocean, he could reach India from Iberia." (Strabo, 1st-century AD geographer) Another example: “There are two forms that surpass all others: among solid bodies the sphere—which is equivalent to the Greek “sfaira”—and among plane figures the circle or circumference, “kyklos” in Greek. Now, these two forms alone possess the property of absolute uniformity in all their parts, and that each and every point of their circumference is equidistant from the center; and nothing can be more appropriate than this. However, if you Epicureans cannot understand this, because you have never touched this learned dust, could you not even attain to knowing enough natural philosophy to understand at least that the uniform motion and regular arrangement of the celestial bodies could not have been maintained by any other form? Therefore, nothing can be more unscientific than your favorite assertion that it is not true that our world itself is spherical, since it is possible that it has some other form, and that countless numbers of worlds exist, all of different forms.” (Cicero, 'On the Nature of the Gods', chap. 18:47-48. 1st century BC) Speaking about the law of gravity, he adds: "But not only are these things marvelous, but there is nothing more remarkable than the stability and coherence of the world, which is such that it is impossible even to imagine anything better arranged for endurance. For all its parts, in whatever direction they move, gravitate toward the center with a uniform force or pressure. Moreover, bodies that are united maintain their union in the most permanent way when they have some bond that encircles or surrounds them to keep them tied; and this function is fulfilled by that rational and intelligent substance that permeates the entire world as the efficient cause of all things and that draws and gathers the most external particles toward the center. Therefore, if the world is round, and therefore all its parts support themselves and each other in a universal equilibrium, the same must occur on Earth, so that all its parts must converge toward the center—which in a sphere is the lowest point—without anything breaking the continuity and thus threatening the dissolution of its vast complex of gravitational forces and masses. And, according to the same principle, the sea, although situated above the Earth, nevertheless seeks the center of the Earth and thus has the shape of a sphere that is uniform throughout, and never floods its shores or overflows its banks. (45:115-116) But going back much further, to the time of Greek myths, we find quotes about their cosmogony, which also does not support the idea of ​​a flat Earth that geographically ended at some point: "It was not a river, properly speaking, but a principle of unity. It was circular. Infinite. It flowed upon itself. And all the other rivers, the sources - and even the sea - were born from his strong current. He himself was born from the loving union of Gaia (Tellus), the Earth, and Uranus (Caelus), the Sky. He was one of the Titans: his name was Ocean (in Greek: Okeanós, a word related to oka: swift). (The Creation of all Waters, Greek myth) At the time of the Delphic oracles, the Greek Sibyl (2nd century BC) also spoke of this, maintaining: "The Most High King, who brought the whole world into existence, saying: "Let it be," and it was. For the earth [was] established, making it round upon Tartarus…” (Sibylline Oracles, Book I, verse 10) Consequently, the ancients knew more than we imagine, but apparently there have been appearances and disappearances of civilizations throughout human history, and the same with respect to knowledge (which explains the “Artifacts Out of Their Time,” which call into question evolutionary theories): “What has been? It is what will be. What has been done? It is what will be done; and there is nothing new under the sun. Is there anything of which it can be said, ‘Behold, this is new’? It was in the ages before us; there is no memory of what preceded it…” (Ecclesiastes 1:9-11, 5th-10th century BC) The size of the Earth’s sphere was established in the 3rd century BC thanks to the ingenuity of Eratosthenes of Cyrene. He had a very broad personality: philosopher, poet, astronomer, grammarian, mathematician, geographer, and even athlete. Eratosthenes became director of the Library of Alexandria, the main center of knowledge in the ancient world. There, he read one day in a papyrus that at a place on the border of Egypt and Nubia, called Syena, near the present-day city of Aswan, something curious was happening: In Syena, at noon on June 21, objects under the sun cast no shadows. On that day, the longest day of the year (or summer solstice), the sun could be seen reflected in the bottom of a well; it was directly overhead. He then deduced that the Earth's surface was curved. Persians Looking at other examples from other peoples, such as the Persians, we find references to the Avesta—the sacred text of Mazdaism—attributed to the Persian prophet Zoroaster. Some have claimed that the book sets forth the worldview that supports the idea of ​​a flat Earth, but this interpretation is incorrect. One example is Fargard 19, which says: "To keep them on this Earth, which is vast, round, difficult to traverse..." (19th Fargard). The Avesta speaks of "seven keshvars," which has been assumed to refer to seven ziggurats (stepped pyramids) one above the other as a way of referring to the distribution of the world. What is this conjecture based on? The text is referring to seven regions of our planet, such as the seven continents and/or seven representative seas, and has nothing to do with the idea of ​​a flat Earth. At best, it would be a belief similar to the Vedic (Indian) belief, which speaks of 7 spheres, which are the 7 enveloping dimensions of the Earth, and 7 planets of the solar system, thus considering 7 as a kind of "master number" through which the Creator designed the universe. The Vedas and other cultures also speak of 7 levels of consciousness and 7 chakras, analogous to 7 musical octaves, 7 days of the week, or 7 colors of the visible light spectrum. Hebrews "At his wrath the world trembles, and at his anger the camps are shaken, and the foundations are shaken for fear of him, and at his warning Araboth trembles." (Hebrew Book of Enoch, chapter 22:2). It is important to know that the Romans commonly used the Latin term "orbis," which encompasses the idea of ​​the world as a sphere or a perfect circle. Even biblical translators such as Jerome of Stridon (4th century AD) used it as an equivalent to the Hebrew word "Tebel" (world). They used this distinction because the word "world" comes from the Latin "Mundus" or "Mundi," which referred to the universe, and is, in fact, the equivalent of the Greek "Kosmou" (cosmos), which is usually translated in the Bible as "world." Clearly, "orb-tebel" is something different from "universe-cosmos," and the word "world" causes serious confusion regarding these distinct concepts. It should be added that in the Hebrew language, there are aspects such as "Aretz" (earth) and "Olam" (world) that are not limited to planet Earth. "Aretz" would define the physical worlds, and "Olam" would identify the projection of the universe, that is, the illusory appearance of matter. Now, it was not possible for the ancients to perceive the Earth as a mere linear plain, given that they themselves were experts in astronomy, and consequently knew about the precession of the equinoxes (the Earth's oscillation within its rotational and orbital movements), the lunar phases (which stem from the semicircular shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon, a point already emphasized by Aristotle), the constellations of the southern hemisphere, and the accounts of navigators (none of whom reported seeing the end of the world: a precipice or an insurmountable wall). Some opponents of the Bible attempt to use verses taken out of context and/or mistranslated and/or misinterpreted to argue that the Hebrew people of the past believed that the sky was a vault covering the supposedly flat Earth (specifically, plate-shaped, according to some, or square, according to others). These conclusions are also unfounded, since the word "vault" does not appear in the Bible and is only translated by some publishers to refer to Hebrew words such as Rakia ('emptiness' in the sense of emptiness or absence of objects), which others translate as firmament or expanse. In the Book of Enoch, the word "rakia" is used to refer to the orbits of the planets, and most passages from the Tanak (Old Testament) use it to refer to the atmosphere. Even so, it is common to translate "rakia" as "sky." “I have traversed the roundness of the heavens alone, and walked through the depths of the deep.” (Sirach 24:5) The book of Sirach, or Ecclesiasticus, is another Israelite text that provides examples of how the atmosphere was understood as circular, not domed (an unscientific idea that violates every law of physics, as well as the presumption of a flat Earth). Some people speculate by forcing a conjecture that it was simply a circle of how the sky would appear across the horizon, but this neither supports nor denies the belief in a spherical Earth, since at worst it would merely be speaking of what the viewer observes of the sky (it does not imply that it is describing a worldview). But where are those abysses so repeatedly mentioned and described as circular? In addition, the first book of Moses (Genesis)—written approximately 3,400 years ago—matches the Book of Enoch (whose original source could be more than 4,400 years old) and the revelations of Ezra and Baruch (4th-6th centuries BC), explaining how the solar system and the Earth were created, giving details that only modern science has been uncovering. It would be very strange to find any Hebrew quotation that maintains that the Earth was flat… “He brought forth from the ends of the world the one who smites terribly; he decreed war against Jerusalem and its land.” (Psalm of Solomon 8:15) One such example is found in the books of the prophets of Israel: “He sits above the circle of the earth, its inhabitants are like grasshoppers; he stretches out the heavens like a curtain, he spreads them out like a tent to dwell in.” (Isa. 40:22. 8th century BC. Reina Valera translation). It does not say ‘plain’. Although it is usually translated as ‘circle’, the Hebrew word ‘Jug’ encompasses the idea of ​​circumference, roundness or sphericity. Even the Greek and Latin translations use words related to ‘circle’ or ‘circumference’. Another case, described by King Solomon: “When he established the heavens, I was there; When he set a circle on the face of the deep…” (Prov. 8:27, Hebrew text) Another case also indicates that “He bounded the circle on the face of the waters, to the uttermost part of the light with darkness.” (Job 26:10, Hebrew text) Note that the word ‘Teklah’, which is translated as ‘extreme’ or ‘limit’, also forms the word ‘Tekelet’ (celestial, sky blue). This suggests an alternative translation, such as "he determined [as] a roundness in relation to the surface of the water, even to the blue [sky-blue] light with the darkness." Looking at more biblical episodes, we can see that Solomon sent ships to the land of Ophir, and, according to all research on this famous port, it could not have been in the Mediterranean, much less in the northern regions. Theories about Ophir's location range from Peru, India, South Africa, Yemen, Ethiopia, or Afghanistan. In any case, the maritime route of the ships must have passed through the Southern Hemisphere 3,000 years ago, and since navigators guided themselves at night by the constellations, it was evident that the crossing through South Africa presented a completely different sky than that known in the Northern Hemisphere. Consequently, these navigators knew that the sky was different in the south of the Earth and would not have assumed, either through calculations or their voyages, that the Earth was flat. Their navigational charts would have had to consider that miles farther south, constellations appeared that hadn't existed days before, most of which they had never seen in the Northern Hemisphere, and that refutes the flat-Earth theory. Ptolemy already debunked all this speculation by reinforcing the understanding of astronomical motion. This is reminiscent of Job—an Idumean sage possibly predating Moses—who spoke extensively about the constellations, and of certain "far places of the south" (Job 9:9), regarding the positions of those constellations. But what would the Aborigines of Australia or the people of Chile think about the flat-Earth theory? Or what would the Chinese assume, given that evidence of a pre-Columbian Chinese presence has been found in many parts of the Americas, such as California? The map presumed to explain the flat Earth hypothesis is mathematically incorrect compared to the routes and maps possessed by navigators, and is, however, an invented model, since it does not originate from ancient drawings or carvings. In places like Ecuador, carved stones at least 17,000 years old have been found. These are basically stone world maps, almost resembling a globe, even marking the equator. Jesus and the Round Earth The principle of a round Earth was shared by the early Christians: "The seven churches that are now spread throughout the world..." (Testament of John). Among the many arguments that support the ancients' knowledge of the sphericity of the globe, there are supernatural testimonies that recount journeys outside the Earth, which include empirical descriptions: "And Jesus and his disciples were in the regions of the air, on the paths of the middle, which is above the sphere." (Gospel of Truth 51:28). There are also stories, such as that of Yeshua (Jesus) himself, that speak extensively about celestial bodies and the forces that govern those worlds: "And he bound them in the regions of the air where we are now, above the sphere." (54:2). There is also a historical episode from the life of the master, which breaks certain molds. This is about the temptation in the desert, from which the words of the event are even taken to assume that the Jews thought the earth was completely flat: "Again, the devil took him up to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their glory..." (Matthew 4:8, NIV) Did Satan show Yeshua (Jesus) all the kingdoms of the Earth from a mountain? That's impossible, because not even an eagle can have eyesight sharp enough to see "all the kingdoms of the Earth" from above. And that's assuming a 100% clear sky, without a single particle in the air that, combined with the millions of other particles, would make a panoramic view impossible. Not even from Mount Everest could an eagle with binoculars see 1,000 km away. If anyone believes that everything discussed in the Bible and history at the "theophanic" level was an invention, of course, there are a thousand and one things to refute. For those who understand that we are not dealing with human inventions, it is then clear that the description cannot be referring to a mountain on Earth, or simply something literal. The text doesn't even say "earth" (in Greek, "Gii"), but rather "world" (in Greek, "kosmou"). Consequently, let's assume that the devil showed Yeshua all the realms of the cosmos, and he did so in some way, which is enough to understand as an idea (Satan symbolizes the ego, and the vision of things can be mental, not physical). Furthermore, if we are seeking coherence in something supernatural, how is it supposed that Satan took Yeshua to the pinnacle of the Temple, whose height was 13.5 meters, and whose structure did not include stairs to climb to the roof?: "Then the devil took him to the holy city and set him on a pinnacle of the temple. And he said to him, 'If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down.' For it is written: 'He will give his angels charge over you, and they will bear you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.' Jesus said to him, 'It is also written: 'You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.'" (Matt. 4:5-7, ESV) What do you mean, "He set him"? Did he fly him? The 4 Corners and Foundations It has also been interpreted that the ancients viewed the Earth as a plain supported by 4 points, which is a misperception of "the four corners of the earth" (7th Fargard, Zoroastrian Avesta). For the sages, the number '4' represented support or sustenance, and therefore "balance." The Hebrews also spoke of "the four corners of the earth" (Isa. 11:12, ESV), as did the prophet Enoch thousands of years earlier. But what were those “ends” of the Earth? The Bible itself answers the question: “…then he will send his angels and gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven.” (Mark 13:27, ESV) This was a way of referring to the cardinal points. Similarly, with regard to Job 26:7, it is clear that people have always been able to distinguish the cardinal directions: “He stretches out the north over empty space; He hangs the earth on nothing.” (Job 26:7, ESV) North over empty space? The terrestrial north is not only derived from the Earth’s mysterious magnetic field, but from a “stellar north,” which seems to have been well known to people in ancient times. The references to the four corners of the sky and the earth were related to the constellations, and their north “over the void” is the trajectory of our solar system towards the circumpolar constellations of Lyra and Draco. Consequently, it can be said that many of the modern astronomical discoveries were already known in the past, and even went further, delving into science about the existence of other dimensions or planes (the 'loka' and 'talas' of Hinduism). This is what many could have referred to with Hades; a world in another dimension or plane beneath the Earth, and which would follow the spherical pattern: "Now the pit of the world is a roundness like a sphere, […] the higher you climb within it to look down, from there you will not be able to see its bottom, […] whence its bottom or part, if a sphere has a bottom, the Greeks call Hades, from the Greek "idein" meaning "to see," because one cannot see the bottom of a sphere. Wherefore, sensible forms are also called "ideas" because they are visible concepts. Because they cannot be seen, because they are at the bottom of the sphere, the Greeks called Hades what we call Hell." (From Hermes to Asclepius, Verse 18. Corpus Hermeticum) Consequently, on any subject one discusses, one will find that few actually read the ancient texts, and rather make assumptions based on the suppositions of others. So it would be unusual to find a true source that describes that for those people the Earth was flat, that it ended in a precipice, or that it was not round. And if we add to that the fact that the Bible itself speaks countless times of the "Tebel," which is not Earth but world, the appreciation of this truth becomes even more consistent. Most of the time it doesn't say "Earth" (in Hebrew, "Aretz"), but "world" (in Hebrew, "Tebel"). For us in the West and today, Earth and World are sometimes even synonymous, but in ancient Hebrew culture they were not the same. Tebel refers to created things, which can even encompass creation itself in the entire universe. It's up to each individual to interpret what he meant, but the fact that he didn't say "Aretz" means he wasn't referring to the Earth as a solid or dry surface. The description itself is also reminiscent of other ancient texts, such as those from Mesopotamia or the Celts, which say that at the origins of the world, the Earth was struck by another stellar body and shattered into pieces. Through the action of gravity, it reunited and formed into a spherical shape. Through other means, and I suppose without knowing these sources, there are geologists and scientists from other fields who have postulated theories about an incident of this nature before the Cambrian. The Planets Besides the fact that the Earth wasn't understood as flat, and that the idea of ​​the world wasn't either, the same can be said of their view of the other planets, which they knew how to differentiate from the rest of the stars, even though they were mere dots in the celestial landscape. The ancients knew that the Earth was just one sphere, part of a group of 7 to 9 that revolved around the Sun: “There are nine worlds…” (Emerald Tablets of Thoth, Tablet IX) It was not until Johannes Kepler that the ideas of planetary rotations and translations were explored in depth, and even with Galileo and Copernicus new claims came to the fore that the planets were not stars, and that they revolved around stars: “…the words “Sun”, “Moon”, etc., which are designated as gods, are used here to mean mere spheres of light.” (Brahmasutras 1.3.32, Vedic texts) And he adds: “Descending from the sphere of the Moon, the soul becomes like the ether…” It is ironic that there was such extensive knowledge about the stars in the past, and the further back we go, the greater it seems. This is the case of the prophet Enoch, an antediluvian character who describes the transit of the Sun, the phases of the Moon, the order of the planets in the solar system, and other things that were impossible for his time, unless he had been taken in a spaceship to see it, or that at that time there remained vestiges of an advanced science and cultures that later dwindled until they disappeared. From Yeshua (Jesus) himself there are other statements about the movements of celestial bodies that were not possible to know at that time, but if we go back to the 10th century BC, to the time of King Shlomo (Solomon), we find that his wisdom was really what was said about it, and the Templars discovered in his tomb texts where he speaks of the Sun, the Earth, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, and the relationship of these with plants, the constellations of the zodiac, stones, the cardinal points, the seasons, animals, the elements and with what we could define as "beings from another dimension" or another "essence". But knowledge was not limited to the planets but to the constellations of the zodiac, which were the same for all cultures, varying only in certain appreciations. That is, they knew about the ecliptic's journey and the relationship of the stars that make up these bodies with the Sun and Earth, and about the sphericity of our orb. But returning to the planetary aspect, many of the modern theories fall under their own weight when compared to all these facts, and once again make it clear that the history told is retouched and modified to present a false account of events and human civilization. There are cases, such as Tiawanaco (in Bolivia), where a construction of unknown origin, but clearly pre-Columbian, was built not only in relation to the solstices, but also in relation to Venus; or in Mali (in West Africa), where the Dogon tribe possesses knowledge and engravings of the sky, especially of the star Sirius, which their ancestors already knew was a triple system (something that wasn't discovered until 1995, and Sirius was only postulated to be a double system in 1844). But let us continue with the arguments that make clear the understanding of all these peoples about the sky before Kepler: «The Sky was seen in seven circles, and the gods were shown in the form of stars with all their constellations [...] it was organized with the gods who were in it; and the orb, at its periphery, revolved in the air, guided in its circular course by the divine spirit.» (Treatise XVII, verse 2. Corpus Hermeticum) Hermes comments previously: «Around the Sun gravitate the eight spheres that depend on it: one of the fixed stars, seven of the wandering stars, and of these one revolves around the Earth.» (Treatise XV, Corpus Hermeticum) One of the cases that most impressed researchers was the Dendera zodiac (dated by some only to 50 BC, while by others to 2500 BC), in which the sky is seen in a "circular" shape, supported by four deities at four corners, representing the 12 zodiacal houses, the typical 36 decans of Egyptian astronomy (representing first-magnitude stars), Ptolemy's 48 constellations, the cardinal points, the implication of the precession of the equinoxes, data on eclipses, and, of course, the five planets visible from Earth. When Enoch, thousands of years ago, on his travels through the heavens (outer space) – whether he was carried by angels or aliens is another point of discussion – described the planets of the solar system and their orbits, he narrated: “And on the fourth day I ordered the great luminaries to be in the circles of the Heavens. In the first circle, the highest, I placed the kochab Shabbetai (Saturn), in the second above I placed Noga (Venus), in the third Maedim (Mars), in the fourth Shemesh (the Sun), in the fifth Tzedek (Jupiter), in the sixth Kokeb (Mercury), in the seventh Yareach (the Moon); and in [them] the small kochab, beautiful and brilliant, those flying ones, the lesser ones.” (2 Enoch 30:3-4. Compared with the Dead Sea Scrolls sources) Not only does it identify these planets but also their small ‘kojab’ (satellites, moons), which were not officially known until the 17th century (from 1610, when Galileo observed the large moons of Jupiter, followed by Huygens, who did the same from 1655 with the larger ones of Saturn). Moreover, the verse from the second book of Enoch even adds that “the Sun must go through the whole circle [of the constellations] of the zodiac” (verse 6), something that was supposedly impossible to know at that time. But in addition, with respect to these spatial bodies, it adds that they follow the “law of their hours according to their rotation,” making a comment of such magnitude even before Aristarchus (2nd century BC). According to the Qumran scrolls, in chap. 32, lines 24-25, Enoch defines these bodies as "seven circles," and their visual appearance (in an age without telescopes) "forms something similar to crystal, both wet and dry, that is, glass, ice..." And, as in other passages, he even adds that these planets, like Earth, also possess "the other elements." Interesting, considering that without the invention of the spectroscope in 1859, the composition of the planets (which, moreover, had not been distinguished from the stars—except in their motion—until a few centuries earlier) would not have been known. In passing, I mention that Enoch was also shown the planetary orbits (each on its own distinct scale), and that these planets were between Earth and the other bodies of the ecliptic: "the 12 constellations of the circle of the firmament, which are above the Seventh Heaven. And I myself showed to each one [was] his way, the seven kohabim, each in her heaven, so that they would advance. (1 Enoch 21:7) Another manuscript, also by the aforementioned Solomon, comments on certain prophets who were taken from the Earth alive: "...they return to earth after traveling through all the spheres of our solar system. That is why the return of Enoch and Elijah will precede the second coming of Jesus." (Eliphas Levi. The Spirits - Major Keys and Clavicles of Solomon,) How is it that Solomon speaks of Jesus, if his birth was almost 900 years away? This is another topic for discussion, but the point is that the modern model of thought that underestimates the ancients when it suits, and admires them when it suits, only partly because of an interest in strengthening an accepted paradigm. On one occasion, the early Christians recount: "And Jesus had not yet announced to his disciples all the emanation from all the regions of the great invisible, […] and his creations, and his vivification, and his archons, and his angels, and his archangels, and his deans, and his satellites, and all the dwellings of his spheres." (Gospel of Truth 1:5) This text was saved from the destruction decreed by Theodosius I at the First Council of Constantinople (381 AD), and with it there are at least 45 others, among which is an unnamed one that is another of those that tells how the Earth and the solar system were formed: "After Justice created the beautiful paradise beyond the sphere of the moon and the sphere of the sun, the land of pleasure that is in the east, in the rocks." (On the Origin of the World) The word 'Justice' in Hebrew is 'Tzedek', which is the Hebrew name for the planet Jupiter. Speaking about the movement of the bodies of the solar system, the above text, also collected by Valentinus, reads: “And Jesus said to his disciples: When the sphere turns and is changed, so that Cronus and Ar[...]es come to the virgin of light, and Zeus and Aphrodite come to the virgin, turning in their orbits…” (Gospel of Truth 63:5) Cronus is the Roman name for Saturn, Ares is the Roman name for Mars, Zeus is the Roman name for Jupiter. He also speaks of Venus: “…the sphere that is called Aphrodite” (54:14). Aphrodite is the Greek name for the Roman goddess ‘Venus’. He even mentions Mercury: “And these five archons are called thus in the world: the first, Cronus; the second, Ar[i]es; the third, Hermes; the fourth, Aphrodite, and the fifth, God.” (52:9) By saying ‘God’, the translator is referring to ‘Theos’ in Greek, which was the way of calling Zeus (Jupiter). In fact, the word ‘God’ was originally an alternative way of calling Zeus. The Master Yeshua (Jesus) had very keen knowledge of the subject, which at that time only the wisest, most studied, and knowledgeable were familiar with: “Now there was also a wise man there, skilled in astronomy. And he asked Jesus: Do you have any knowledge of astronomy, my son? And Jesus answered him, explaining to him the number of the spheres and the celestial bodies, with their natures, their virtues, their oppositions, their combinations by three, four, and six, their ascensions and regressions, their positions in minutes and seconds, and other things that go beyond the limits of a creature’s reason.” (Arabic Gospel of Infancy 51:1-2. Ambrosiana Library, Italy) Whatever text is collected, it will shed light on the perception of the peoples who have preceded us as something that could only come from an advanced source: “…how can you understand the celestial circuits?” (Testament of Job 9:23) The books of the Bible deal with many topics related to the stars, as well as constellations such as the Pleiades, Orion, the zodiac, and other Ptolemaic constellations such as the Bear, as well as important stars, namely Arcturus, or planets such as Venus. If the 12 constellations of the zodiac are distinguished from the 48 described by Ptolemy, it is then that we know of the ecliptic alone, which is the journey of the sun through these constellations. "...I saw the spirits that revolve and guide the sun and the stars in their orbits" (1 Enoch 18:4). Zoroaster wrote: "Your deceptions are evident, by which you are known on the sevenfold Earth." (Yasna XXXII, Avesta) Another important case of bringing to the fore is from the Celtic records: “Heaven and earth and all the spheres of infinite space are filled with His Spirit.” (Kolbrin, Hymn from the Book of Songs). This text adds about God, who is “The Maker of all that exists in all the spheres above and below…” (Sunset Hymn). No spatial body is defined in any source as “plate” or “flat,” but all in creation are spherical, including the Earth (because only rocks that lack the geology that our orb does lie inert in space). The Vedas, in India, also dealt with these themes: “…he tears the lights of day and night from their spheres in the blue sky.” (Ramayana, 3rd century BC) The oracles of Delphi, the Eleusinian mysteries, the cult of Mithras... wherever you look, you will never see ideas that support arguments that make those peoples appear like troglodytes: "...the smiling spheres of the zodiacal vault, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, and as many stars as Rulers [of] hours with them in the sky..." (Sibylline Oracles. Book XIII, Verse 90) Journey of the Solar System As we have read, another recurring argument about the ancients is that they thought the sky was a vault, and that celestial bodies were those that moved around the Earth (as flat-earthers assume). The very idea of ​​a static world is unscientific, as they already knew that the entire globe and the solar system moved, and they did so “northward,” that is, in the direction of the polar constellations: “He stretches out the north over empty space, He hangs the earth on nothing.” (Job 26:7) It must be remembered that people have always been able to distinguish cardinal directions. The Hebrews called them “winds of the earth” or “angles of the earth.” These are associated with the “angles of the sky” based on the celestial bodies. The reference for this is the ecliptic, which not only follows the Earth and other planets in relation to the sun, but is also the trajectory of the sun in relation to the constellations of the zodiac. The Hebrew text is transcribed as: “Natah tzafon al-tahu…” The word “Natah” refers to settling or unfolding. The 'Tahu' or 'Tohu' is the idea of ​​nothingness, of emptiness or apparent emptiness. It's an allusion to outer space. In other words, the northern orientation is lost in immensity. But this could also be said about the south or any other cardinal orientation. The reason is that the solar system is a phalanx system. It doesn't correspond to the graphic models that have long been represented. More and more mathematical and astronomical models agree with this mechanism of the system, where the sun would actually travel behind the North Star and its group, and the rest of its neighbors (the planets of this system) would follow it, but in a whirlpool-like manner. This means that the system moves in a serpentine fashion, surpassing the ecliptic axis of the Milky Way up and down, while simultaneously circling it following the North Star. Current computer models are beginning to structure these new discoveries, since they are imperceptible to the eye and can only be visualized by calculating the thousands of years of each circuit. However, our system's journey is north of our Earth's and Sun's equator, and this always makes "Sagittarius A" (the center of the Milky Way is on the horizon, never toward our polar north) a lateral reference. In other words, we travel toward the apparent void, as we spin within circuits within other circuits (cycles) like a whirlpool, as if wanting to be repelled outward from the galaxy, but at the same time attracted by other physical forces (and if the Earth were a non-spherical rock, it would have disintegrated). And since all systems move—like the galaxy itself, taking as a reference point a static theoretical location in the vacuum of the universe—no body stays in the same place, but continues to shift. Consequently, the Earth moves relative to the Sun, the Sun relative to the constellations of the zodiac, the constellations of the zodiac relative to another group of systems, and these relative to the galaxy. But the Milky Way itself moves relative to a local group, and that local group also relative to Laniakea, and Laniakea relative to the Virgo supercluster of galaxies, and so on. The idea that the solar system traveled through the galaxy was already known—although it was said to have been "discovered" centuries ago—but even more so, the heliocentric idea of ​​orbits was also known, and not only as a concept of a fixed plane, but as a vortex, where the system would be traveling as if propelled toward the North Star at 70,000 km/h, taking 226 million years to revolve around the galactic center. Moreover, to be precise, the movement would not be heliocentric but helical, an idea that was recently proposed by the scientist P. Keshava Bhat (2010), although it already appears well described in texts such as the Oahspe (1882). There are other examples of how the planetary sphere is magnetically and energetically connected to 4 cardinal points and 4 lateral points (the angles of the sky and those of the earth): «…he saw the heavens and the eight cardinal points, he saw the mountains and the continents, he saw the seven oceans that surround the Earth, he saw all the countries, the Lord of the winds and the celestial worlds…) (Sriman Bhagavatam. Cap. 158, Vedic texts). Astronomers There is much more to say on this topic, but it is beyond the scope of the opinions held by people of the past regarding the aforementioned matter. Another series of articles would be necessary just to move this debate into a strictly scientific realm, but suffice it to use astrophysics to argue that a flat Earth is an unscientific argument. Why? Because it would be the only celestial body that would disobey all astrophysical laws, starting with the models of rotation, interplanetary gravitational attraction, movements of tectonic layers (which includes volcanic processes), the force of planetary gravity, the constitution of the atmosphere, lunar shadows, color effects of the moon, formation of oceans, ocean currents, atmospheric winds, seasons, radio connections, satellite interconnections and transmissions, airplane flight distances, the effect of the northern lights, the effect of the terrestrial electromagnetic field, the translation effects of all bodies in the solar system, the effect of precession of the equinoxes, the effects of the tide, the effects of curvature of the shadow on the surface between the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere, and, above all, that there is not a single testimony in the whole world that there is a geographical end somewhere on the planet, and, on the contrary, too many proofs The inescapable implications of Earth's sphericity, from aeronautics, stratospheric photography, and radar and navigation systems from both inside and outside the atmosphere. As we can see, the most significant cultures have established that for them the Earth has been spherical. In the flat-Earth approach, essentially "God" created only the Earth. There was no universe, no galaxies, no stars, no planets, no comets, no asteroids. Without any scientific jargon, he simply formed a rock out of nothing, made it flat on top, poured water over it, and covered it with a glass dome, which he filled with air. It is clear that when one has not studied the advances of science, astronomy, navigation, and the laws of physics, this seems like a naive fad. On the contrary, having become seasoned with knowledge, we understand that this "religion" is a clear result of the ignorance and lack of culture of the society that gave rise to it. In addition to the examples already given, let's look at other cases: 1. That of the Ottoman admiral Piris Reis, who in 1513 copied an ancient map that covered much of the world, especially the Atlantic. Similar to other maps by Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), this navigator had a map identical in size to the digital map used by military submarines, based on the spherical concept of the Earth. 2. It is well known that unless you have a system of 3D engravings or drawings, you cannot draw a sphere on a surface. It requires complete relief, and therefore, the idea that the Earth is a plate based on drawings is still ridiculous today. Even in a digital image, you cannot see a 3D volume except by assuming it is an optical effect, since this requires a three-dimensional hologram or a volumetric mold, as in the case of ancient Chinese engravings where the dragon is seen stepping on the planetary globe with one of its front paws. 3. As I mentioned when referring to the Bible, some flat-earthers violate the laws of physics by attempting to justify their beliefs with mistranslated or misinterpreted biblical allusions. This is how Genesis speaks of heaven, where in one case it mentions Shamayim and in another, Rakia. Shamayim is the highest concept of heaven, from the dimensional to the cosmic—and even the orbital—sense, while Rakia is the most interior, as is the case with a plane of reality or the atmosphere itself. 4. Both navigators and pilots must reconfigure, either digitally or manually, their route trajectory, because they are not traveling in a straight line but rather gaining more kilometers by ascending the curvature. All of us who have been in the navy, and those who are pilots (like my father was), know this. 5. I will add here the fact of optical effects, which are usually the argument most used by flat-earthers. We all know that "appearances are always deceiving," and this is true when it comes to visual effects. Other times, the error borders on naivety or mockery, as in the case of photos or videos taken from inside an airplane, showing the sun on one side and another "sun" on the other, which is, in reality, a reflection of the same image from the airplane window. 6. Flat-Earthers say that if the Earth were rolling, we would be thrown into space, or that any flying device would simply move away on its own as it left the ground. This phenomenon stems from the speed of rotation, which is actually so slow, in terms of one rotation in 24 hours, that we don't notice it. Even so, if this explanation weren't convincing enough, the obvious one stems from the force of gravity. What's more, the same effect is observed inside a pressurized airplane, where it maneuvers without you noticing, and accelerates and decelerates at certain rates that, if constant and progressive, become imperceptible. 7. The elementary particles called Higgs bosons, of the subatomic order of photons, were first postulated in 1964, and are part of the order of cosmic and matter aspects that have been studied in terms of space. Consider that for flat-Earthers, nothing exists outside the atmosphere, and all astronomical information is false and comes from NASA (although NASA was only created in 1958). 8. The case of the magnetosphere is also another problem in flat-Earth doctrine. The American satellite Explorer I discovered it in 1958, and from it also came knowledge of the Van Allen belts. This structure, similar to the energy mechanics of Tesla coils, explains how the Earth protects itself from solar radiation. 9. This brings us to the concept of auroras. While flat-Earthers might assume that the aurora borealis is an effect unrelated to the overload of subatomic particles and charges in the magnetosphere, the same does not apply to the aurora australis, since it would not be located in one point in the sky but all around the world, for which flat-Earthers would have to invent another, as usual, unscientific reasoning. 10. Another example is the discovery of black holes, popularized in 1970 by Stephen Hawking, a studied aspect of deep space. It is important to understand that, regardless of whether NASA lies about many things, it is not the only space agency, and not all space studies are conducted by aerospace agencies. Even assuming that its satellites do not see what they show, there are radio telescopes in many countries around the world observing the sky, and great scientific authorities with advanced technology are evaluating an indisputable exterior that lies beyond the atmosphere. This is a fascination that has existed for thousands of years. 11. Consider the discovery of the cosmic constant, or dark energy, proposed by Albert Einstein, the discovery of dark matter by Fritz Zwicky in 1933, or the discovery of cosmic radiation by Victor Franz Hess in 1911. These postulates speak of the energy present in everything, and that everything, speaking in terms of a universe 21 billion light-years across, not this planet. 12. Not far from this is the fact that beneath the magnetosphere are more atmospheric layers that are not justified by flat-Earth theory, which holds that there is no ozone but rather a glass dome. Thus, the stratosphere would not exist, nor would it have the levels of atmospheric pressure and gas that scientists have explained. 13. Similarly, the Big Bang argument, which took shape in 1927, has been the subject of multiple computational and mathematical analyses since then as an explanation for the origin of the universe. This proposes what computational mathematical models now follow regarding the motion of the universe, not only through the sequences of motion of galaxies, but also through the cosmic constant. This goes hand in hand with the galactic theory proposed by Immanuel Kant in 1755. 14. The reasoning that the sun was just another star among billions of others in space was first recognized by Giordano Bruno in the 1600s, the kind of ideas that led him to be burned at the stake. 15. Likewise, from the perspective of a sun within the atmosphere, the inconsistencies are numerous. According to flat-earthers, the theory of gravity is incorrect. However, if stars don't attract each other, what moves the sun and moon? How do they not crash into the ground, or if they float, do they not continue to rise? 16. Following this same line, the sun remains stable because, despite its high temperatures, it is offset by the low temperatures of space. This star would heat the Earth thanks to solar radiation and regularly emits coronae, which, if within the atmosphere, would destroy all life. This is evident, even if we accept the flat-earthers' reasoning that the sun is actually very small. 17. From a flat-earther perspective, the sun's cycles of motion have no scientific explanation. The sun would revolve around the surface every 24 hours, without an engine to move it, anything to keep it at that altitude, and without a single piece of evidence of its close location (in fact, the sun disappears over the horizon, and so does the moon often; do they disappear into another dimension?). The same would apply to the moon. 18. The phases of the moon are a stumbling block for flat-earthers, since the semicircular part that casts its shadows comes from the back of the Earth's sphere. In other words, the phases of the Moon are due to the Earth eclipsing it when the sun is behind the Earth, and the semicircular bottom of the Earth is visible. And to that, we can add that the Moon always shows exactly the same face, no matter where you are on the planet. There is no variation in this phenomenon, which completely rules out the possibility of the Moon being close, and it can only be possible if the Moon is outside of Earth and thousands of kilometers away. 19. The case of the red Moon, or other lunar hue effects, are not due to clouds, but rather because the sunlight reflected by the Moon reaches the atmosphere and is deflected, thus losing its energy charge, and appearing red to us. 20. Since the gravity of massive bodies affects others, we would have to assume that the movement and change of the tides are not due to the influence of the Moon. 21. Using the same example, the moon's curious influence on menstrual cycles could not be justified based on any aspect related to gravity. 22. Although Nicolaus Copernicus also confronted the Catholic Church by proposing the heliocentric theory, rather than the geocentric one, he was not the only one to speak of spatial bodies orbiting gravitationally around others. Galileo Galilei, famous for his telescope and for being able to see Jupiter's four main moons in 1610, soon saw that they were moving around him. Galileo himself later discovered Saturn's rings in 1612. 23. Galileo's work was greatly complemented by the observations of Percival Lowell and Giovani Schiaparelli, who made the canals of Mars famous in 1902. 24. Another aspect of the sun is that it heats the Earth in a familiar way, in the 24-hour daily and annual cycles, with the four seasons and the shifting movement of the polar axis throughout the year, depending on the position: whether you are in the northern or southern hemisphere. For this reason, the Earth maintains geothermal heat that causes the sublimation of water particles in the ocean, producing clouds and lending itself to the hydrological cycle that brings rain to the planet. 25. It is due to solar radiation and geothermal energy that changes in atmospheric and magma pressure, as well as air and ocean currents, occur. The movement of tectonic plates, continental plates, and many earthquakes are due to this phenomenon. 26. This geothermal effect keeps our globe stable at a suitable temperature, preventing us from freezing when the sun is not present. 27. The distance from the sun is another important aspect to consider, because its direct rays would make it unbearable to look outside, and its high temperatures would burn us. However, flat-earthers will argue that this doesn't happen because the sun isn't actually that bright or that hot, and doesn't emit solar flares, solar corona, or solar wind, but that it's all lies of science. 28. Considering that flat-earthers assume there are no planets and that stars are lights that shine in that dome. They don't explain how that dome and those little dots were formed, and how they keep shining. It's also worth noting that if it were a dome where those fixed little lights were painted, the movement of the precession of the equinoxes, which places the star map in a different position each night, would suggest that it's a painting that "someone" is constantly moving, with no scientific explanation. 29. Following this, seeing quasars, galaxies, supernovae, stars and planets, comets, moons, and asteroids through a telescope would be part of an art that someone is directing, since the planets of the solar system move along an ecliptic, or orbit around the sun, and therefore are seen moving across the sky, unlike the stars. 30. In terms of flat-Earthism, comets would be a hoax, even though they are a phenomenon that has been observed for millennia. If it were something within the atmosphere, what moves it, how is it sustained, where does it come from, and where does it end up? The comet is visible, in fact, because it is invisible until it approaches the solar system, as sunlight makes it visible. Furthermore, the tail is precisely an effect where the heat of the sun melts the icy surface, leaving a trail. 31. Thanks to astronomy, the planet Uranus was discovered in 1781, Neptune in 1846, and Pluto in 1930, all of which existed before NASA (and flat-Earthers maintain that all images of space are digital creations created by NASA, although this type of montage, like Photoshop, only became popular in 1988). 32. Another dilemma is the seasons. Flat-Earthers force this belief by assuming that the sun adjusts its motion pattern so that the climate varies considerably, to the point of producing seasons. The fact that the sun is within the atmosphere would only allow for the existence of one climate. 33. Let's add that if the sun were within the atmosphere, it would never be nighttime, much less if the Earth were flat, since it would never disappear over the horizon. We might have sunsets and sunrises lasting many hours, but never a night, nor would we be able to see the black sky or the stars. Furthermore, the optical effect of daytime is due to the sun's photonic light striking atmospheric particles, creating a "haze effect," and thus, the entire sky is illuminated. Thus, even if the mini-sun were thousands of kilometers away, not only would there be no darkness, but the sky would still be illuminated. 34. Flat-Earthers offer no explanation for how meteorites and asteroids fall to the surface. Where do they come from? Likewise, they are forced to deny the existence of dinosaurs (despite the thousands and thousands of fossils that exist around the world and fill museums), since it could not be said that an asteroid exterminated these creatures. 35. In the field of telecommunications, it is evident that everything from radio to mobile telephony works by transmitting and receiving waves. A dome-shaped atmosphere model is useless for direct, or even indirect, wave transmission, but when it comes to satellite communication, telephone repeaters beam the signal to orbiting satellites that triangulate the signals. If these satellites are within the atmosphere, they do not take advantage of the deadlock between centrifugal force and gravitational attraction to remain in the air forever. Instead, these thousands and thousands of satellites would require a flight system and fuel, and who will refuel and crew them? 36. And compasses? They would point toward the center of the Earth, according to flat-earthers, but why? They will say it's because of a large number of magnets in that region, but if the idea of ​​magnets is true, any area of ​​the world could cause interference with a compass at any moment. The most objective reasoning is Ampere's law, where the constant fluctuation of energy produces a field in space, and this generates electromagnetism. Therefore, on a sphere, it would enter through the South Pole and exit through the North Pole, but on a flat Earth, it would be impossible. 37. Considering that, according to flat-earthers, there is no South Pole, one could not speak of a "hole" in the ozone layer at the South Pole. The heat would not have pierced the atmosphere, so, according to them, there would also be no hole in the ozone layer. 38. If we wanted to be impertinent, we would say that for flat-earthers, the only valid time is the time of day and the moon, since they wouldn't believe in the existence of an annual cycle. Then, not only would they not believe in horoscopes, but also in birthdays. Or even speaking of the cardinal points, it would be comical to imagine north as the center of the Earth, south as everything around us, and east and west as inconsistent conjectures in the distance. 39. For lovers of the UFO phenomenon, or of the existence of extraterrestrial life, apart from the fact that flat-earthers would ignore this argument, they would deny all evidence of alien contact since the dawn of humanity. 40. But is NASA lying? Of course. Its operations actually revolve around the Blue Beam project. They save money by not sending people into space, but instead film with chroma key backgrounds and ropes, creating fake space montages. Since Apollo XI, moon landing scenes have been filmed in the Nevada desert, assisted by film director Stanley Kubrick. This was done separately from other missions that carried out secret operations on the Moon. According to naval intelligence, the Moon has had military bases since 1954, and so has Mars, since its actual arrival there in 1973. 41. How do you explain that the Earth spins and we don't fly away? If you carry a fish tank in a car traveling at 200 km/h—without sudden changes in speed or direction—the fish in the water won't perceive any movement. When you're in an airplane traveling at 1,000 km/h, you only notice the acceleration during takeoff and the reduction during descent and landing, but in mid-flight, you can get up from your seat and you won't be thrown into the back of the plane. Inside the atmosphere, you are in a medium dominated by atmospheric gases, and outside the Earth, there is a completely different medium that doesn't interfere with the interior. 42. According to flat-earthers, the sun is within the atmosphere, meaning that at sunset, the sun would be moving horizontally away, not "descending" toward the other side of the planet. However, when the sun is seen on the horizon, it is clearly seen descending below the horizon line, instead of reducing in size and remaining whole (completely round) in the distance. 43. María Belén Muñoz García (PhD in Geology, professor and researcher at the Faculty of Geological Sciences at the Complutense University of Madrid) recalls that "the higher we go, the further we can see. If the Earth were flat, this wouldn't be the case. On a flat Earth, you would have to see to the end of the Earth in any flat area, like the sea, for example. From Galicia, you should be able to see America with a sufficiently powerful telescope, but this is not possible due to the curvature of the Earth's surface. Since this has been known since ancient times, lighthouses are placed on top of a tower to be visible from a greater distance." And conversely, if you're in a port and see a ship arriving, you first see the tallest part of the ship appear, the mast; then the sails, and finally, the hull. 44. She also recalls that "sunrise and sunset times are different in every part of the world. [...] In relation to the previous point, the time the sun sets in each place also depends on the height from which you're looking at the horizon. Muslims have studied this very well. There are tables available online with sunset times in almost every part of the world so you know exactly when you can end your fast during Ramadan. If you look for these tables for Dubai, they warn you at the beginning that on the Burj Khalifa, which is 828 meters tall and the tallest building in the world, the sun sets three minutes later on the top floor than on the ground floor. This wouldn't happen on a flat planet either.>> 45. Also remember that "on a flat, non-rotating Earth, water should fall into the drain directly toward the center, equally everywhere, but that's not the case. When you empty a sink (preferably a large, round pool), a whirlpool forms due to the Coriolis effect, which can only be explained by the Earth's rotation. Flat-Earthers might say that a flat Earth could also rotate on its axis, and that this could generate a whirlpool like the one we see. The problem is that swimming pool whirlpools rotate in opposite directions in both hemispheres (as do depressions and anticyclones). For that, on a flat Earth, we would need two opposing rotational poles, each affecting half of the Earth." 46. Also remember that "in the northern hemisphere, the entire night sky rotates counterclockwise around the North Star, while in the southern hemisphere, everything revolves counterclockwise around the Southern Cross." For that to be the case on a flat Earth, you'd have to have two celestial spheres, one for each hemisphere, rotating in opposite directions. 47. And also remember that "the duration of long journeys is different depending on whether you're traveling eastward or westward." This fact has no explanation on a flat Earth. I'll give two very different examples, but both have to do with a spherical Earth rotating on its axis. A fairly common example is that the flight from Madrid to New York is longer than the one from New York to Madrid, and this is because the return flight is aided by the eastward-moving jet stream, which originates from the Earth's rotation. The other argument, somewhat more distant but very curious, is the circumnavigator's paradox. This paradox is that if you circumnavigate the globe, it doesn't take the same amount of time whether you're traveling westward or eastward. In this case, no matter how long it takes you to complete the entire circumnavigation, if you travel east you gain a day, like Phileas Fogg in Jules Verne's novel, while if you travel west you lose it, as happened to Elcano and his crew at the end of the first circumnavigation. This paradox is impossible to explain on a flat Earth where the sun rises at the same time for everyone and everyone shares the same calendar date. Want to know more about flat earth believers questions? https://www.frederickguttmann.com/forum/geopolitica/flat-earthers-questions-and-answers

La Verdad sobre la Plandemia Parte 1 - DESCRIPCIÓN La palabra COVID-19 son las siglas de 'Certificate Of Vaccine Identification Digital [by] Artificial Inteligence' (Certificado de Identificación de Vacuna con Inteligencia Artificial). Se trata de la conspiración más grande de toda la historia, diseñada para empujar la Agenda 21 de las personas más poderosas del planeta, cuyo gol es reducir la población mundial y esterilizar al resto por al menos 3 décadas. ​ Es una agenda iniciada en 1989 para implantar una identificación digital con nano tecnología en cada ser humano. En 2004 se desarrolló la tecnología necesaria para llevar a cabo esto, pero no fue sino hasta 2009 que estaba disponible para ser inyectada a la población gracias al trabajo conjunto de las agencias NASA, DARPA y el laboratorio genético de Wuhan. A pesar de los esfuerzos por imponerla con previas propagandas pandémicas, solo hasta finales de 2019 los implicados en este complot tuvieron todos los recursos e implementación para empujarlo a nivel global, siendo los controladores de la OMS, la FDA (Agencia Reguladora de Alimentos y Medicamentos de EE.UU.), los CDC (Centro de Control de Enfermedades) y el WEF (o Foro Económico Mundial). ​ Desde finales de 2019 enviaron aviones rociando metales pesados y agentes patógenos sobre las principales ciudades del mundo, inyectaron quimeras en la población a través de las vacunas contra la gripe e iniciaron los ensayos de las antenas 5G, para que la sintomatología de los componentes fumigados, inyectados y de las ondas de alta frecuencia propagándose dentro del cuerpo humano justificaran medidas draconianas para un confinamiento global, llamándole pandemia, causada por un supuesto virus. ​ COVID-21 es la segunda parte de esta agenda, encargada de la presión social para que 7.000 millones de seres humanos acepten una falsa vacuna, que además de contener nano tecnología de rastreo e identificación, ha sido cargada con nano parásitos y proteínas encargadas de destruir y modificar el ADN, de modo que sea eliminado el 97% de la población humana en menos de 10 años. Ello incluye la implementación de una dictadura global, eliminación de derechos civiles y reinicio del sistema financiero usando la fuerza policial, al FEMA - en los EE.UU. -  y la modificación de las leyes internacionales. ​ Quienes no acepten el registro digital (C-O-V-I-D) serán sacados del sistema, pues éste será sincronizado con satélites de última generación, redes 5G y 6G, y super computadoras con inteligencia artificial, que controlarán a cada individuo a través de un tatuaje de punto cuántico implantado en el dorso de la mano derecha, o en la frente, de toda persona vacunada, que será presentado como solución a la crisis financiera.   Sin esta marca (red de microchips wearables) insertada en el cuerpo no tendrás identificación, acceso a ningún aspecto de la sociedad ni acceso a movimientos económicos. Por el contrario, si tienes más de una inyección de este compuesto génico de nano dispositivos, deberás comenzar un tratamiento de eliminación de óxido de grafeno, luciferasa y nano parásitos para lograr superar la expectativa de vida para los inyectados: menos de 10 años tras la inoculación (para los que tienen 1 dosis), menos de 3 años (para los que tienen 2 dosis), o menos de 6 meses (para los que ya tienen el buster, o la de refuerzo), a menos que les inyectaran un placebo (solución salina). ​ Notas adicionales. 1) Los cuentos de las "variantes", como Delta, Omicron, etc., son una tapadera para esconder los efectos secundarios y muertes causadas por las hakunas. Así como nunca hubo un SARS-CoV-2, tampoco ha habido ninguna variante. Tal como en 2020 toda enfermedad y muerte fue falsamente etiquetada como 'Covid', ahora se hace lo mismo con las tales "variantes", especialmente en la gran cantidad de muertos por las hakunas covid. ​ 2) Mira el documental 'SHOT, ¿Qué Hay Dentro?', para conocer las evidencias de lo que realmente contienen las mal llamadas vacunas covid... (abajo tienes enlaces de acceso al documental completo del episodio 10) ​ 3) Al final, abajo, de esta publicación puedes ver tratamientos para limpiar el organismo de las toxinas de las hakunas y facilidades para adquirir los productos necesarios. Descarga aquí documento con más de 100 enlaces con evidencia, investigaciones y testimonios de profesionales que prueban que la "pandemia" fue una farsa. Descarga aquí documento con material gráfico anti-plandemia. --------------------------------- Parte 2 - DOCUMENTAL - 'SHOT, ¿Qué Hay Dentro?' (documental completo). Enlaces de acceso: - Rumble - Vk ---------------------------------- Parte 3 - LIBRO Consigue tu libro vía Amazon o PlayStore ---------------------------------- Parte 4 - SOLUCIONES ¿Te Hakunaste? * dado que las mal llamadas "vacunas covid" no son realmente vacunas sino terapia génica en combinación con arma biológica, microparásitos y nano tecnología, la llamamos "hakunas".   Queremos compartirte algunos consejos para limpiar el organismo del veneno de las hakunas, pero es importante que te realices exámenes como: ​ - HEMOGRAMA  - TGO TGP - PT  PTT - FERRATINA  - DIMERO D - GLICEMIA - TRIGLICERIDOS - COLESTEROL - UREA CREATININA   ​ Para limpiar tu organismo es probable que te ayuden los siguientes productos (haz click sobre el producto o el subrayado para ir a Tienda, si deseas adquirirlo con nosotros): ​ • NAC Glutatión (perfecto antioxidante) N-acetyl-cysteine 600 mg – una en la mañana, por 2 semanas. Si no la consiguen, en su defecto pueden comprar Fluimucil 600 mg. Glutatión en cápsulas de 250gr o de 500 gr, o N-acetylcisteine reducido en 100 o 300 cápsulas, o en polvo de 100gr, 250g o 500 gr. • Zinc de 50mg – una en la mañana. • Aguja de Pino - 5 gramos de la aguja del pino frescas, 1 taza de agua de agua hervida. Poner a hervir el agua (ebullición). Retiras el agua colocas los 5 gramos de la aguja del pino. Poner  por 30 segundos en el agua caliente las vainitas del pino. Lo cuelas. Lo dejas reposar por 10 minutos lo tomas. Dos veces al día. Esto es para sacar los metales pesados del cuerpo. Tómelo 7 días cada 12 horas. o para por 8 días y vuelve a tomarlo x 7 días y lo deja. Adquiere paquete de 100gr, 200gr o 400gr. Puedes también adquirir aceite esencial de aguja de pino para aromático ambiental o masaje corporal (la inhalación de estas partículas llegan asimismo al interior del organismo, e igualmente la absorción a través de la piel). • Anti trombiticos. • Cóctel de vitaminas y minerales (en especial de vitamina C). Si tiene playa aproveche para introducirse en el mar. • Silimarina (protector hepático) • Melatonina 3 mg (una en la noche) ​Estas disciplinas también serán de gran utilidad: ​ • Tomar luz solar (potenciar el colecalciferol (vitamina D)). También se puede comprar la vitamina D y tomar 1 en la mañana para complementar la toma de Sol, mínimo 30 minutos al día. • Tomar aire puro (evitar al máximo el uso de mascarillas) respirando adecuadamente (en este sentido vendrá muy bien hacer meditaciones). Preferiblemente elegir entornos verdes, montañas, ríos, playa o caminar de noche (debido a que a esa hora están más cargados los iones negativos del oxígeno). • Hacer contacto de tierra (procurar estar el mayor tiempo posible descalzo). • Tomar una dieta alcalina: mucha fruta (de día), cereales integrales, legumbres, verduras frescas, semillas, frutos secos, frutos desecados. Evitar harinas, azúcares, alimentos procesados, lácteos, carnes, empaquetados, fritos y toda cosa con aditivos, muy cocinada o calentada en microondas. • Realizar actividad física, calentamientos y estiramientos. ​ Existen otros procedimiento que a muchos les ha ayudado y que el tiempo dirá sin han sido efectivos también en este ámbito: ​ • CDS (dióxido de cloro). El sumergirse en piscina también es de gran utilidad en este sentido. • Hidroxicloroquina • Ivermectina.  Algunos expertos asimismo recomiendan complementar esto con: ​ • Zeolita • Cilantro • Azitromicina • Cardioaspirina

Hace 7 años hablé abiertamente sobre los procesos transitorios entre el final del mandato de Barack Obama y el inicio del de Donald Trump, donde advertía sobre la caída de los EE.UU. para preparar el escenario en pro del establecimiento de un gobierno mundial totalitario. ¿Este plan era una idea independiente de Obama, o seguía órdenes de alguien sobre él? ¿Era cosa suya como excusa para mantenerse en el poder, o una agenda de respuesta ante de lo que sabía que iba a ocurrir? ¿No habrá vuelta a la normalidad? Desde 2016 mantuve informando con más énfasis sobre este objetivo del Illuminati, dado que, como afirmó el ex oficial de Inteligencia Naval de los EE.UU., Milton William Cooper – 2 meses antes del auto-atentado a las Torres Gemelas -, la destrucción de dicha nación es la última pieza que queda antes de que el Nuevo Orden Mundial sea completamente establecido y, con él, dicho estado global dictatorial. Aparte de dar detalles en foros de internet y artículos en el blog que tenía en aquel entonces, expuse asimismo lo más posible esta información en dos de mis libros: ‘La Gran Tribulación – Apocalipsis, Visión Remota I’ (2016) y ‘La Caída de la Nueva Babilonia, y el Fin de la Libertad’ (2021). Expliqué que en ese entonces Barack Obama pretendía suspender la constitución de los EE.UU. para quedarse un tercer mandato, y que quería que ciertos eventos justificasen aquel objetivo, y que esto implicaría la caída del dólar, que, por extensión, afectaría las economías de los países occidentales (incluso recomendé en varias ocasiones guardar suministros para una posible recesión). La idea sería que Obama aprovecharía lo que sus antecesores habrían dejado preparado deliberadamente por medio de diversas Órdenes Ejecutivas, de manera que pudiese usar la Ley Marcial, o Estado de Excepción, para anular – al menos durante 5 años – la Constitución de ese país. Los eventos que justificarían esta acción serían una cadena de sucesos combinados en un breve periodo de tiempo, tales como: ·         Ataque con pulso electromagnético entre Canadá y el norte de los EE.UU., que afectaría primero a la zona de New York y Washington. Esto provocaría un apagón total (Black Out) y la inutilización de dispositivos electrónicos que posean microchips. ·         Ataque cibernético a los sistemas de todo el país, provocando el inhabilitamiento de los sistemas de comunicación y logrando inhibir la transmisión de ondas de radio de largo alcance. De este modo no habría conexión satelital, internet y línea telefónica. Tampoco funcionaría ningún cajero automático, por lo que no habría dinero en efectivo para retirar, y los supermercados colapsarían (la gente los saquearía y no habría suministros disponibles). ·         Ataques por parte de China y Rusia, y ataques terroristas por parte de la yihad chií musulmana. Rusia iniciaría dirigiendo los ataques cibernéticos y explosiones con armas micronucleares en zonas céntricas del país gracias a sus agentes durmientes de la KGB. Por su parte, el ejército de China invadiría la costa oeste de los EE.UU. ·         Posteriormente el país caería en control del ejército de la ONU, y seguidamente habría una guerra civil entre ellos y los defensores de su tierra. El FEMA - en conjunción con las tropas de la ONU - se encargarían de dirigir arrestos masivos ante la insurrección y disturbios, y llevaría a los apresados a campos de concentración que se han instalado en EE.UU. por orden inicial de Ronald Reagan bajo el programa REX 84. ·         El ejército de los EE.UU. no podría ayudar a su gente debido a que habría sido enviado previamente al extranjero para reforzar el cordón de la OTAN ante la “amenaza” rusa contra Europa. Esto sería porque Rusia y Europa entrarían en guerra, mientras los grupos terroristas musulmanes realizan ataques principalmente en EE.UU., Europa e Israel. 'La Caída de la Nueva Babilonia', libro físico y digital disponible en Amazon y(https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Frederick-Guttmann-Ramirez-ebook/dp/B0CCSY3124/ref=sr_1_17?refinements=p_27%3AFrederick+Guttmann+Ramirez&s=books&sr=1-17&text=Frederick+Guttmann+Ramirez) PlayStore.(https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Frederick_Guttmann_La_Ca%C3%ADda_de_la_Nueva_Babilonia?id=GdJYEAAAQBAJ&hl=es_419&gl=US) No obstante, nada de eso ocurrió – al menos en aquel entonces -, y Donald Trump fue elegido presidente. ¿Qué habría pasado si hubiese quedado elegida Hillary Clinton? Y, ¿qué razones tendrían Rusia y China para atacar la infraestructura de los EE.UU.? Eso nos lleva de lleno al Deep State y la agenda Illuminati del Nuevo Orden Mundial. La caída de los EE.UU. sería un plan de “suicidio” del Deep State para reiniciar sus planes en Europa (primeramente en Bruselas, Bélgica), acabando con el principal bloque de la estructura que evita actualmente su puesta en marcha (esto se asocia al concepto de ‘la Purga’, tal como se describe en una de las películas que lleva este nombre). A la facción oriental no le agrada el lobby del Deep State que se esconde en los EE.UU., y seguidamente su otra parte en Europa, lo cual explicaría el interés conjunto de China, Rusia y los árabes en atacar EE.UU. y Europa. Y bien, todo esto puede sonar más realista hoy que hace 7 años, en especial cuando la Plan-demia abrió los ojos de muchas personas ante la realidad del complot que ciertas personas dirigen para tomarse nuestro planeta. Con todo, esto puede seguir sonando muy especulativo para muchos, en parte porque el miedo no suele dejar a la mente pensar con objetividad. Ahora bien, resulta que el matrimonio Obama firmó acuerdos de producción con Netflix para varias películas, siendo la primera ‘Dejar el Mundo Atrás’, que se estrenó a mediados de diciembre de 2023, y lo curioso de este film es que precisamente describe las cosas que debían haber ocurrido a finales de 2016. Es como si… A)      La intromisión de Trump en los planes del Deep State solo hubiesen retrasado unos años sus planes. B)      Como si la Plan-demia hubiese sido una pieza esencial en la suma de la estructura del engranaje para potenciar los planes Illuminati con el fin de llevarlos a escala global. C)      Como si la Guerra de Ucrania fuera la excusa para provocar a Rusia contra Europa (pues pretenden meter a Ucrania en la OTAN, y así seguir expandiéndose hacia el Este, violando el acuerdo de no expansión que la OTAN había acordado con Rusia). D)      Como si la Segunda Guerra de Yom Kipur (actual conflicto entre el ejército de Israel y Hamas en Gaza) estuviese destinado a fomentar el odio hacia Israel para justificar una invasión internacional contra dicho país (acelerando la llamada Guerra de Armagedon). Es justamente lo que ha ocurrido a lo largo de estos últimos 7 años, precisamente. Una cosa tras la otra, casi sin interrupción. La producción cinematográfica donde Obama ha sido Director Ejecutivo, ‘Dejar el Mundo Atrás’, describe un ataque cibernético a los EE.UU., un “Black Out”, caída de los sistemas, anulación de los satélites, ataque con ondas de microondas, diversos desastres combinados, y todo dirigido en conjunto deduciblemente por los radicales chiítas musulmanes, Rusia, Corea del Norte y China. Esto no puede ser una casualidad, salvo que se sea extremadamente ingenuo. Para los que gustan de ver señales ocultas, el film muestra en cierto momento un interesante mensaje de programación predictiva, al poner a dos jóvenes con logos en sus camisas que evocan al contexto del proyecto en cuestión: un chico con una imagen vectorizada de Obama que pone ‘Obey’ (obedece), similar a los mensajes de la película ‘They Live’ (Ellos Viven), y la chica con una de la NASA. ¿Por qué tendrías que obedecer a la NASA? Y dado que el concepto de “obey” se refiere a la “autoridad” del gobierno, dicha sutileza de mensaje asocia los eventos de la caída de los EE.UU. con la obediencia a lo que viene después (y a quien viene después, en relación con la “autoridad” del Estado): el Blue Beam Project (el proyecto de engaño mundial dirigido por la NASA para manifestar al “anticristo”, el tirano planetario). Posteriormente, pasada la mitad de este film, hay una conversación que pareciese más una especie de “confesión” del propio Obama (no por nada, quien la hace es otra persona negra), donde afirma que “alguien” - cuyo nombre no puede decir - es un magnate que lo invitaba a una “isla”, donde se reunían los más poderosos del mundo para dirigir “los planes malévolos sobre la humanidad”, y que – según él – ellos realmente no controlaban nada, sino que, en el mejor de los casos podría recibir un “aviso” ante un escenario de esta envergadura. ¿Estaría Obama hablando de sí mismo? ¿Él sabía de esto desde que entró en la Casa Blanca, pero pese a estar en esos círculos, no controla realmente el asunto? Esto recuerda que hay muchos niveles y personas por encima de los presidentes. Si bien, la película está basada originalmente en aspectos referidos en el libro de 2020 de Rumann Alam, que lleva su nombre, también nominada al National Book Award, pero el interés de Obama en este film, y de ser el que dé comienzo a su incursión en el cine, debería dejar mucho para pensar. Pero la conexión entre el ataque a los EE.UU. y el Blue Beam no se queda ahí. Dentro del contexto de las profecías que ya advertían sobre esto, están las alteraciones del medio ambiente - que no tienen nada que ver con la propaganda desinformativa del “cambio” climático -, aunque en la película se podría atribuir a armas geofísicas. En general, sea por la geoingeniería, por la resonancia de las ondas de pensamiento/emociones de la sociedad, por la incidencia del sol o por la guerra climática, este film también agrega el componente de trastorno climático y de respuesta y comportamiento de los animales. Hay que recordar que, para diversas culturas, este cambio de era estaría marcado por fuertes trastornos medioambientales, donde los terremotos serían el eje. A estos les acompañarían tsunamis, tormentas en épocas y lugares que no son naturales, sequías, cambio en el eje del planeta (cambiando así los ciclos del día y de la noche). Si bien, la película enfatiza en que posiblemente la causa del comportamiento animal se debe al uso de armas sónicas, ondas de microondas. En la fase final de esta cinta se hace saber que ya se conocía del programa diseñado para desarmar a un país, y se observan ataques de armas de gran envergadura en New York, así como disparos a consecuencia – deduciblemente – de una guerra civil. Técnicamente esta producción de Higher Ground Productions (del matrimonio Obama), refleja estrictamente las bases de lo que advertí que pasaría hace años, y debe entenderse, no solo como programación predictiva, sino como una advertencia, en especial para los estadounidenses que aún no hayan comenzado a prepararse para ese periodo de crisis que lo más probable es que efectivamente ocurra antes del comienzo de las fases 2, 3 y 4 del programa de la NASA ‘Blue Beam’. Eso significa que, en el momento que eso ocurriese, ya sería un hecho que estaría en desarrollo la Tercera Guerra Mundial, la parte con la que da inicio la profecía de la Gran Tribulación, para preparar el escenario para un gobierno global con el Anticristo a su cabeza. 'La Gran Tribulación - Apocalipsis, Visión Remota I', libro físico y digital disponible en Amazon (https://www.amazon.es/Gran-Tribulaci%C3%B3n-Apocalipsis-Visi%C3%B3n-Remota-ebook/dp/B0CD897GNN/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_es_ES=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&keywords=vision+remota+apocalipsis+frederick+guttmann&s=books&sr=1-1)y PlayStore.(https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Frederick_Guttmann_Apocalipsis_Visi%C3%B3n_Remota_I_La?id=5PckEAAAQBAJ&hl=es_419&gl=US) Finalmente, es interesante que la productora de los Obama la llamasen ‘Higher Ground’, toda vez que esta expresión en inglés – que significa ‘el terreno más alto’ -, se usa para denotar una ventaja estratégica en el suelo de combate. Técnicamente estar en ‘higher ground’ es hallarse posicionado en un estrato superior, donde tienes las de ganar sobre tu contrincante. Por ejemplo, el conocimiento sobre las cosas que van a ocurrir te hacen estar en un ‘higher ground’, lógicamente, si lo utilizas a tu favor, por ejemplo, logísticamente, para estar preparado (tomar todas las medidas necesarias).

A los aleluyos nos les va a gustar nada lo que les voy a explicar sobre este tema, pero no podrán contradecir los llamados "evangelios", cuales sostienen que, <<Cuando pasó el día de reposo, María Magdalena, María la madre de Jacobo, y Salomé, compraron especias aromáticas para ir a ungirle.>> (ej., de Marcos 16:1). Ahora, hay que entender cómo funciona la ley: dentro de la Ley, la persona (individuo) tiene en su Derecho primario sobre otros – y en relación con otros – primero a sus hijos, luego a su esposa/o, luego a sus padres, y luego a sus hermanos, y sucesivamente, en relación primeramente a parientes cercanos, y luego amigos.​ ​ Cuando una persona fallece, el derecho sobre el cuerpo recae asimismo en ese orden, considerando solamente que, por matrimonio, los desposados tienen potestad primeramente el uno sobre el otro. Esto es lo mismo que en vuestro sistema judicial, sea que viváis bajo Derecho Consuetudinario (Derecho Positivo), Common Law (Ley Común) o Ley Sharía.​ Considerando que hay registro de que la Mariam (conocida como ‘María’), la madre biológica de Yeshua (Jesús), estaba viva en ese entonces – y aún por varios años después de la crucifixión de Yeshua -, si Yeshua hubiese estado soltero, su madre habría exigido el cuerpo, porque recaía en ella primeramente el Derecho Legal. No obstante, lo que dicen los registros es que quien dirigiría el ungimiento del cadáver (algo estrictamente sometido al derecho familiar), fue encabezado por MARÍA MAGDALENA, a quien acompañaron ciertas amigas.​ ​ En el sentido de derecho, no sólo tendría prioridad la madre sobre el sepelio sino sobre el ungimiento, y, además, los registros habrían dejado notar que su madre tendría que estar, y lo que dicen es <<Pasado el sábado, al alborear el primer día de la semana, fueron María la Magdalena y la otra María a ver el sepulcro.>> (Mateo 28:1). ¿Quién es “la otra María”, o “María la madre de Jacobo”? Era la madre biológica de Yeshua, pero no sólo no dicen “la madre de Yeshua”, sino que dicen “la madre de Yakob”, que era uno de los hermanos de Yeshua. O sea, le quitan toda prioridad a la propia madre y se la dan a María magdalena.​ El más judío de los redactores de los evangelios, Iojanan, escribió únicamente que <<El primer día de la semana, María Magdalena fue de mañana, siendo aún oscuro, al sepulcro; y vio quitada la piedra del sepulcro.>> (Juan 20:1) El médico Lucas reitera lo referido por Juan marcos: <<Eran María Magdalena, y Juana, y María madre de Jacobo, y las demás con ellas, quienes dijeron estas cosas a los apóstoles.>> (cap. 24:10). Conociendo la Ley Judía, ninguno de los redactores habría podido pasar por alto que la madre biológica de Yeshua debía ser quien dirigiese el ungimiento, mas, no solo no la llaman “madre del señor”, sino que la mencionan como acompañante de María Magdalena, quien, según el apóstol Juan habría ido sola al sepulcro. ¿Con qué autoridad? Solo podía ser esto posible si María magdalena fuera legalmente la esposa de Yeshua.​ Puedes ver este tema desarrollado más ampliamente en este breve video: ¿Estaban casados Yeshua (Jesús) y María magdalena?(https://www.tiktok.com/@frederickguttman/video/7327727171760295173)

¿Antisemita o antijudío? No usaré la definición “antisemitismo”, ya que no significa odio hacia los judíos. En realidad se refiere a “oposición a los semitas”, que son los pueblos caucásicos que se expandieron por el Creciente Fértil desde hace varios miles de años. El nombre deriva de un patriarca llamado Shem, de donde vino a pasar al mundo occidental el sonido como ‘Sem’, que sería el hijo mayor de Naj (Noé). De Shem vendrían tanto los pueblos del Creciente Fértil como posteriormente los árabes y los israelitas. Se podría decir que los semitas poblaron toda la región desde los actuales Israel y Turquía, hasta la India y Kazajistán, limitados al norte con Georgia y abajo con el Yemen. Entonces, dado que el término es incorrecto, y ni siquiera aplica a todos los israelitas, es más correcto decir “judeofóbia”. Y se debe entender, asimismo, que israelí no es lo mismo que israelita. Los israelitas fueron 12 tribus que se formaron hacia el 1.900 a. C. en la región de Medio Oriente, y posteriormente formaron una nación en la conocida como Canaán, cerca del 1.450 a. C. Las 12 tribus eran Reuben (rubenitas), Ishakar (isacaritas), Zabulum (zabulonitas), Efraim (efraimitas), Yhudah (judíos), Levi (levitas), Gad (gaditas), Shimeon (simeonitas), Asher (aseritas), Neptali (neftalinitas), Yosef (josefitas) y Beniamin (benjaminitas). El pueblo de Israel La estructura jurídica de la antigua nación de Israel se basaba en el Yahvismo, el sistema teocrático donde la deidad suprema era IHVH (Yaheveh), a quien los griegos llamaron Yao, y en occidente pasó a ser conocido como Jehova o Yavé. Este sistema dio a lugar a una forma de religión henoiteísta (monolatrismo), que es la consideración de que existen muchos dioses, pero sólo uno merece devoción y servicio. El nombre ‘Israel’ se le dio al Yakob, quien fue padre de los 12 patriarcas, y de una hija, dado el significado hebreo de Ish-Ra-El (varón que ha visto al Poderoso). Alrededor del año 830 a. C., las tribus de Israel comenzaron un proceso de división. Se creó el Reino del Norte, llamado Israel, teniendo por capital Samaria; y el Reino del Sur, llamado Yhudah (Judá), con capital Yerushalim (Jerusalén). El Reino de Israel comprendía unas 9 tribus y media, mientras que el reino de Judá comprendía 2 tribus y media (judíos, benjaminitas y algunos levitas). Hacia el 722 a. C. los asirios se llevaron cautivas a las tribus del reino del norte. El reino del sur posteriormente se conoció en occidente como Judea (en latín ‘Iudaea’, como constaba en los mapas romanos). Aquellos, hasta ese entonces, eran los israelitas. La caída de los judíos Debido a que los principales pobladores que quedaron en la región de Canaán/Israel fueron judíos, el término ‘judío’ pasó a englobar todos los elementos de la cultura israelita. Eso dio asimismo lugar a la creación de la idea de “religión judía”, en base a la “tradición judía”, que fue eje de todo lo relativo a los judíos raciales a partir del año 70 d. C., cuando el templo de Jerusalén fue destruido por los romanos. Esto creó inmediatamente una fractura entre el sistema de culto yahvista y una nueva forma de interpretar la cultura judía, naciendo así la “religión judaica” que hasta hoy se denomina “judaísmo”. En el 132 d. C. los judíos pierden la última guerra contra las legiones romanas y para el 135 d. C. son expulsados de su tierra. Como acto de humillación, el emperador romano Adriano ordena eliminar toda constancia de la tierra de Iudaea de los mapas del imperio, y sustituirla por la definición de Siria Filistea, considerando así que la memoria del derecho territorial del pueblo judío desapareciera para siempre. La elección del nombre ‘Filistea’ era esencial en esta intención de erradicación de la memoria histórica - tanto de judíos como de toda Israel - toda vez que Filistea fue una nación cananea beligerante con quien Israel tuvo constantes conflictos y guerras desde la recuperación del derecho territorial de Canaán a lo largo de las Guerras de Canaán, entre el 1450 a. C. y el 950 a. C. Los filisteos (que habitaban la región de Gaza) fueron finalmente exterminados por los romanos, pero el nombre de Filistea resonó por los siglos, convirtiéndose en la forma actual “palestina”. Grabado del Arco de Tito, conmemorando la victoria romana sobre los judíos. Construido en Roma en el 80 d. C. Desde que el rey babilonio Nebukanezar (Nabucodonosor) tomó Yhudeah (Judea) en el 587 a. C., y destruyó por primera vez el templo (cual había construido el rey Salomón), los judíos iniciaron un proceso de debilitamiento y pérdida de autonomía. Esto conllevó a una gran migración de judíos a muchas partes del mundo donde ya había colonias judías asentadas. En ese entonces el nombre “judío” era sinónimo de gente sabia, buena administradora y de valores elevados. Grandes monarcas deseaban tener cerca a esta clase de personas para adquirir de ellos “bendiciones” y “conocimientos”. La guerra del papa contra los judíos Con la caída de Judea ante el ejército romano la dispersión judía vino acompañada del oprobio social y de un estigma de maldición. Los judíos pasaron a ser sinónimo de mala suerte, de gente a quien seguía la desgracia. A esto se agregó la reputación recibida por culpa de la naciente Iglesia Católica Romana (325 d. C.), quien, queriendo esconder su responsabilidad y culpa en la tortura y asesinato del maestro judío Yeshua ha.Notzri (Jesús de Nazaret), fomentó la propaganda de que “los judíos asesinaron al hijo de Dios” (lo cual contradice categóricamente la historia). Pero el principal motivo que desató la furia de la Iglesia Católica Romana contra los judíos fue la negación de estos en convertirse al catolicismo. Desde entonces, la suma de la mala reputación y el escarnio acompañó a los judíos por todo el mundo, en especial de la mano de la curia romana, quienes querían usar como argumento las discrepancias entre los primeros cristianos (nazarenos) y la aristocracia religiosa judía para denotar que “los judíos” eran “enemigos de Cristo”. A lo largo de los siglos, pasando por la Edad Media, los intereses de la Iglesia Católica Romana siguen encontrando en los judíos un escollo a su monopolio religioso. Esto es porque, posiblemente, el conocimiento de las Escrituras Hebreas pondría en entredicho la validez de la identidad de la curia, y esto lo sabrían los judíos. Básicamente, para el poder papal, los judíos son legítimamente el “pueblo de Dios” y sus “ministros”, a quienes, según el apóstol Pablo, les <<fue dada la palabra de Dios>>, siendo ellos - y solo ellos - sus administradores, y, asimismo, los verdaderos representantes de Dios (no la Iglesia Católica Romana). Ante esta amenaza a la soberanía y monopolio del papa, la persecución a los judíos era, empero, una prioridad para el ilegítimo que ha ostentado dicha institución romana. No igual fue en los países musulmanes – y en especial en la India -, donde los judíos sufrieron mejor recepción hasta que se estableció el actual Estado de Israel. Falsos judíos Cuando los kazaries llegaron al este de Europa, adoptaron la religión judaica, iniciando una mezcla confusa entre originales judíos raciales (practicantes o no del judaísmo) y conversos sin relación genética o racial con los verdaderos judíos. Este grupo confuso se conoce como Jásaros, y ellos se mezclaron con el gremio judío mayoritario de Europa: los Ashkenazim. Otros muchos judíos que, por el contrario, se vieron forzados a convertirse al catolicismo fueron los de la gran comunidad ibérica, que dieron el nombre a Iberia (del hebreo ‘ibrim’: hebreos), llamados Sefardim. Otras comunidades recibieron otros nombres, pero estas fueron las principales en Europa, y muchos de los que desde 1882 empezaron a retornar a Tierra Santa en la Primera Aliyá (casi 35.000 judíos que llegaron hasta 1903), en especial con los judíos yemeníes. La “Solución Final” El “problema judío” no fue en realidad una idea de la Alemania nazi, sino de la Iglesia Católica Romana, donde, además, el poder papal deseaba pasar su “santa” sede, de Roma a Jerusalén. La puesta en marcha de esta idea dio inicio a las Cruzadas en 1099 d. C. Ahora no eran solo los judíos una molestia para el imperialismo católico, sino los musulmanes. La Inquisición entró en vigor para forzar estas políticas de dominación absolutista, pasando a la tortura extrema. Para colmo, en contra de los intereses de la curia, Martín Lutero inicia en Alemania un movimiento anti-católico en 1519, empeorando las divisiones que la Iglesia Católica recibía cada vez más a medida que transcurrían los siglos (hay que recordar que esta fractura ya había iniciado con la división del imperio de Bizancio: el Cisma de Oriente, a partir de 1054). La Reforma puso en jaque al poder papal, empujando a la curia a la creación de una sociedad que redujera a los luteranos y calvinistas, y a la vez pusiese en marcha la misión “sagrada” de recuperar Tierra Santa para la “Iglesia” [Católica Romana]. Así dio nacimiento el jesuitismo, al que sus devotos llamaron “Sociedad de los Caballeros de Jesús”, o “jesuitas”. No podrían haber elegido un nombre más blasfemo. De esta forma, a partir de 1534 (integrada posteriormente al poder Vaticano en 1540), esta sociedad se encargaría de hacer lo imposible por lograr los intereses de dominio global del poder papal, con la ayuda de la sociedad de caballeros de las órdenes que fueron prevaleciendo, en especial los cabellaros de Malta y los templarios. En ese camino, debían controlar todos los escaños de la sociedad, empezando por recuperar el poder sobre los monarcas de Europa. De esta manera, los jesuitas crean la sociedad llamada ‘Illuminati’, la cual posteriormente infiltra la masonería (gremios de los aristócratas, soldados, académicos, burgueses y nobles) y toma elementos del misticismo judío para captar a los reyes de Europa. Así nacen los nuevos grados de las dos ramas principales de la masonería, pero en su mayor apogeo, tanto Illuminati como jesuitas son desmantelados y expulsados. Posteriormente la orden se reactiva y llega más firme y determinante. Considera que lo judíos deben ser borrados de la faz de la Tierra, así como los protestantes y los musulmanes. Los “Protocolos de Sion” Dado que los musulmanes eran un poder enorme al que nadie quería ni podía enfrentarse, los jesuitas idearon un plan para deshacerlos, conseguir que perdieran su unificación y que pasasen a estar bajo jurisdicción papal. Por su parte, los protestantes tenían controlada Alemania y se extendían por todo América, en especial en los estados del norte. Para ello los jesuitas idearon otros planes (todo lo relativo a la Revolución Americana). Y para los judíos, con ellos lo tenían mucho más fácil, porque las semillas de odio hacia ellos habían sido sembradas, y solo eran necesarias ciertas excusas para fomentar los pogromos y la ira y apoyo del pueblo contra aquellos. Los jesuitas escribieron una obra literaria en Francia llamada ‘Los Protocolos de los Sabios de Sion’, y la introdujeron en Rusia, incitando una ola de revueltas civiles en muestra de animadversión hacia los judíos. Entre 1780 y 1900, la agenda jesuita con estos tales protocolos facilitó la justificación de la creación de una filosofía alemana antijudía. Todos los planes jesuitas avanzaban bien, a excepción de los desertores de la Iglesia Católica Romana, que exponían por toda Europa los planes de los jesuitas. Para no dar la razón a la oposición, prefirieron centrar sus esfuerzos propagandísticos en crear un chivo expiatorio que fuese culpado por las cosas que ellos hacían. No podrían culpar a los musulmanes, ya que ellos no estaban en Europa; sería predecible que culpasen a los protestantes, como ya lo venían haciendo, pero nadie creería eso en Europa; pero sí funcionaría culpando a los judíos del plan Illuminati/jesuita. Detalle del frontispicio al 1667 Pyrotechnica Loyalana, Ignaciana Fire-Works mostrando ocho hombres, cuatro vestidos como jesuitas, rodeando un globo, lanzando granadas de mano,(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-grenade) con la implicación de que la Iglesia Católica en general y los jesuitas en particular fueron responsables de eventos como el Gran incendio de Londres.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London) El ensayo de las tres guerras mundiales Simplemente cambiaron el nombre, y en vez de decir que los que estaban orquestando este plan de dominio absolutista global eran el papa y sus agentes jesuitas e Illuminati, centraron toda la atención en los judíos. Entonces avanzaron en la agenda de las “Tres Guerras Mundiales”, que consistiría en lograr el cambio geopolítico y el escenario mundial para el establecimiento de un Nuevo Orden Mundial, impulsado por el papado, sin que nadie supiese que era cosa del Vaticano. La atención se mantendría en piezas prescindibles, como reyes, políticos, inconversos al catolicismo, y muchas otras marionetas a las que los propios jesuitas les permitirían subir a cargos importantes para ser la cara visible de los problemas y los que luego fuesen culpados y vituperados, en aras de que el mundo pidiese una autoridad global diferente: una figura pública con buena reputación y supuestamente dad a su prójimo (a la raza humana). Sí, como finge ser el “papa”. La fase para la Primera Guerra Mundial debía desarmar el gran poder islámico, que detentaban los otomanos, y de ahí vino el acuerdo de Sykes-Picot (pero esta solo era la primera parte de la agenda de eliminación del poder árabe). Debía configurar el escenario financiero mundial, para crear un lobby bancario que se encargase de esclavizar al mundo a través de la deuda (esto se aceleró en especial entre 1933 y 1971, fortaleciéndose con los Acuerdos de Bretton Woods) y el poder corporativo. Esto se logró con la ayuda de agentes Illuminati en los EE.UU. (J. P. Morgan y John D. Rockefeller) que controlaban ya la banca y dirigían sus intereses en la formación de bancos centrales y, desde ahí, bancos mundiales. Ellos trabajaron conjuntamente con sus señores jesuitas para el papa en todo el desarrollo de estas guerras. Asimismo unificaría las monarquías europeas en una sola línea, dejando a las demás como meras realezas simbólicas sometidas a la monarquía inglesa (la casa Windsor: unión de las últimas monarquías como Saxe-Coburg-Gotha), que sería administradora de los bienes del Vaticano. La fase de la Segunda Guerra Mundial fue facilitada por la estrategia del Crac del 29 - empujada precisamente por los mismos magnates bancarios – logró poner a diversos países entre la espada y la pared, para rediseñar el escenario mundial, donde la Unión Soviética era vista como otra amenaza, pero sería dejada para después, ya que primero querían hacer escarnio de los protestantes: Alemania. Así como con la Primera Guerra Mundial, uno de los principales objetivos de la Iglesia Católica Romana era destruir Alemania. Quería acabar con el corazón del protestantismo mundial, así que usaron a Adolf Hitler para crear una culpa histórica contra Alemania. A la vez, los nazis se encargarían de empobrecer y/o eliminar a la mayor cantidad posible de judíos, en especial, todos aquellos que no comulgasen con los ideales jesuitas (de quienes eran lacayos tanto los Rockefeller como los Rothschild). Esta guerra ofrecería la excusa para regresar a los judíos supervivientes a su tierra, para más adelante ser exterminados en la Tercera Guerra Mundial. Y hay que saber que fue el sacerdote Bernhard Stempfle quien escribió el libro ‘Mi Lucha’, no Hitler, ya que esta obra era igualmente otra de muchas que se difundieron para alimentar el odio contra los judíos y la demonización de los alemanes. Del trabajo de Nesta Helen Webster,(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesta_Helen_Webster) 'The Cause of the World Unrest' citando unas cartas del Museo Británico entre los masones de alto grado, Albert Pike y Giuseppe Mazzini, quienes en 1871 ya sabían del plan de dirigir tres guerras mundiales por parte del Illuminati, y descarta la participación de los judíos en el plan. Con la Declaración Balfour da comienzo el plan del Vaticano para la Tercera Guerra Mundial, usando el movimiento sionista como activador de los escenarios que darían lugar a dicho evento decisivo. En 1947 la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas decreta la partición de dos estados en Tierra Santa: Estado de Israel (estado judío) y Estado Palestino (estado árabe). Desde entonces, a los pobladores del moderno Israel se les llama ‘israelíes’ (esa es la diferencia entre l definición de israelita (pasado) e israelí (presente)). Los agentes jesuitas iniciaron desde el siglo XX la instigación de los musulmanes contra los judíos - sus hermanos -, gracias a los servicios de inteligencia occidentales controlados por los caballeros de Malta. Los agentes sionistas políticos serían usados por los jesuitas para reavivar el odio contra los judíos por parte de la sociedad global, al mantener una tensión bélica en Medio Oriente. La guerra contra los enemigos de la Iglesia Católica Mientras los agentes jesuitas y del Illuminati se encargan de vencer a la humanidad desde diferentes ángulos, han priorizado desde el principio en su lucha contra los grupos protestantes (y todas las ramificaciones de grupos “cristianos” (ya que la Iglesia Católica Romana no es realmente un movimiento cristiano, sino satánico)), y contra los musulmanes, dejando a los judíos escalar a cargos relevantes dentro del sistema corporativo, para ser la cara visible de los “males del mundo”. Los agentes jesuitas usarían el sionismo político para provocar una guerra entre Israel y los países musulmanes para que se exterminen mutuamente. Antes de eso confiarían en la reducción de la influencia de los cristianos y en la caída de la infraestructura de los EE.UU. por medio de un colapso de los mercados sin precedentes y el fin del dólar. Así Israel no tendría ningún apoyo contra los países musulmanes, e incluso sería también atacada por una coalición de distintos países del mundo, incluyendo Europa. Epílogo Este es el verdadero origen de la judeofóbia mundial: que tú seas parte del apoyo público para destruir Israel y a todos los judíos, logrando así el plan de la Iglesia Católica Romana. Así es, esa misión antigua, cuya fase final es que, una vez caigan Rusia, EE.UU., China, Israel, Europa y los países musulmanes, podrá nuevamente rediseñar el escenario mundial, esta vez habiendo completado todas las piezas que le faltaban para su Gobierno Mundial, y para colocar su “santa” sede en una Jerusalén reconstruida, siendo el nuevo Reino Latino de Jerusalén. Ahí se sentará el “pontífice” como si fuera Dios, habiendo ordenado la reconstrucción del templo, y pretendiendo ser señor sobre todo el mundo. Pero no es únicamente la propaganda fomentada por los jesuitas lo que ha alimentado la judeofóbia. En gran medida es la envidia de muchas personas hacia la prosperidad que representan, tanto judíos como los israelitas (quienes como nación – y pese a ser uno de los países más pequeños del mundo - lograron en pocos años convertirse en superpotencia). Quienes viven en escasez y retroalimentan su pobreza, satanizan a quienes viven bien. Pero a esto hay que achacarle que la mayoría de personas ni siquiera sabe lo que es un judío, al grado de que muchos piensan que un judío es un individuo prepotente que va vestido de traje negro, con barba larga y un sombrero ridículo. Ignoran que judío es, como sería un asiático, un negro, o un indio, un acervo racial, independientemente de sus creencias personales. Así como hay negros ateos, musulmanes, cristianos, etc., un judío [racial] no es necesariamente haredí (religioso). Y a la inversa, pese a haber infinidad de sectas judaicas y con distintos niveles, no todos los haredim son sionistas (otra definición que pocos entienden), ni todos comulgan con los intereses del sionismo político, ni mucho menos con los planes jesuitas/Illuminati (cosa que la mayoría de judíos y casi todos los israelíes que saben de ello desprecian). Israel está dividido como país, con una mayoría anti-sionista y con casi la totalidad pro-paz, y se enfrentan a diario contra las políticas de los peones jesuitas, y por cómo les usan (siendo soldados por ley). Razones adicionales del odio a los judíos son en realidad religiosas… es porque representan la Biblia, la cual es símbolo del dios supremo, a quien se suele asociar con el teísmo y la mayoría de religiones occidentales, y con “leyes” religiosas. Eso quiere decir que, atacar a un judío – en el nivel subconsciente y a nivel social - es equivalente a atacar a “Dios”, atacar la Biblia, atacar la “religión”. ¿Y por qué alguien iba a querer atacar a “Dios”? Porque en la cultura popular las religiones occidentales han creado en torno al arquetipo “Dios” una serie de paradigmas que no agradan a los seres humanos. Ideas como “castigo eterno” o “pecado” encabezan esta lista, y son concepciones que categóricamente rechazan las personas no religiosas. Del mismo modo, pese a que no están relacionados con la Iglesia Católica Romana, para la mente indoctrinada, “Dios” es igual a “iglesia” y “religión”, elementos con los que cada vez menos personas comulgan, y que cada vez más recibe el rechazo y odio social. Empero, en el subconsciente de muchos, los judíos representan todas estas cosas, y odiarlos a ellos es para la mente odiar lo que desaprueban de los conceptos religiosos, mayormente asociados a un molesto sentimiento de culpabilidad: porque, según las religiones occidentales, hagas lo que hagas, si no te sometes a lo que ellos dicen, te irás irremisiblemente a un infierno eterno. Enlaces videos relacionados: • El sionismo político (parte 1/4)(https://youtu.be/VbyHSv6x9LU?si=FDElXJE01-wLfGpn) • ¿Quién escribió los protocolos de Sion?(https://youtu.be/j4hpJ5vp9h0) • Judío es una tribu, no una religión(https://www.tiktok.com/@frederickguttman/video/7316652934245207301?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7305444997892310560) • El nombre 'Israel' no tiene nada que ver con Osiris, Isisi y Horus(https://www.tiktok.com/@frederickguttman/video/7314784187427343621?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7305444997892310560) • El origen histórico de Palestina(https://youtu.be/NQNBK0bZf28?si=R-khe9QyvwI6X0pI)